Quantum Computer Architecture

Abstract —Quantum Computers are evolving for more than a decade and they are closer to reality. The field of quantum computing is too big to be described in one paper, but the real motivation for the quantum computers is its architecture. Firstly it is believed that classical computers can’t use the quantum algorithms and operations secondly the programs running on the quantum computers can’t run on traditional computer which is due to architecture and system. The quantum computer architecture is the key to build a quantum computer. The quantum computers are more complex than traditional computers. This research paper will discuss the quantum computer architecture.

Keywords — Quantum Computers, Capabilities, QBITS, limitations, Computation, Architecture

I. INTRODUCTION

There is a dramatic improvement in the speed of computers and their size is also decreasing in size. This trend will reach saturation in the near future, so there is a need for research in new technologies. The communication signals needs to be transmitted over large distances, which is a complex mechanism. The components e.g. transistors are also reducing in size, but when these components will be reduced to nanometre scale then it will not be an optimal solution. An effort is being done in order to search technologies.

The quantum computers will be the answer, recently the quantum computing research has moved from theoretical mathematics and physics into the real world and many different researchers are working on the implementations of the quantum computers. In this paper I will discuss the quantum computer architecture.

The basic structure of quantum computer is Qubit.

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Fig1. The Bloch sphere is an explanation of a Qubit, the basic structure of quantum computers.[5]

Qubits are more advanced than bits and can contain more information than bits. A bit can contain or store 0 or 1 but a Qubit can store all values between 0 and 1.

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Fig: 2 Quantum bit

Qubits are consists of the controlled particles and the means of control.

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Fig: 3 Qubits[5]

The table shows the comparison of classical computing with quantum computing.

TABLE I

COMPARISON OF QUANTUM AND TRADITIONAL COMPUTING

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Figure: 4 Shows a Coupled Device which is Quantum Charged (QCCD)[4]

II. RELATED WORK

A big 3-Dimensional cluster lattice was used as source for quantum computer processing which is also used in mainframe computers. This idea can result in the construction of 7.5 billion photonic chips QC.[1]

The computer models which are inspired by physics depend on physical as well as computational explanation and it is related to both of the fields.[2]The mechanics of the Quantum Computer represent microscopic physical phenomena and quantum mechanics should be used for computer operations. [3]

Quantum computing still progressing, when it will be operational no one knows, some tradeoffs will be needed or research will begun on an entirely new path.[4]

Explicit microscopically models of quantum computer register construction are proposed, and it is also explained and first and second kind bonded sphere models can be used to characterize quantum register.[6]

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Figure: 5 Configuration of radio and static frequencies for QCCD.[4]

III. HISTORY OF QUANTUM COMPUTING

The most sophisticated quantum computers till 2007 did not go beyond 16 QBITS, so a useful quantum computer is far away, but in recent years there is an improvement in quantum theory and quantum computing.

A single Qubit in each alanine molecules in liquid form having three nuclear spins is used by Alamos and MIT researchers in 1998.

Los Alamos National Laboratory scientists confirmed In 2000 March that they have developed a 7-qubit quantum computer having a single drop of liquid.

Shor’s algorithm was implemented on quantum computer by the scientists from IBM and Stanford University in 2001 and it is used to find the prime factors. A 7 QBIT QC is used to get the factors of 15, and the computer successfully calculated the factors.

In 2005 the scientists from QOQI institute (University of Innsbruck) confirmed that they successfully created first Qubyte by using ion traps.

A 12-qubit system was controlled by a group of scientists from University of Waterloo and Massachusetts in 2006. It is also learned that with the increase in Qubits the system becomes more complex.

Several pattern matching problems were solved by the quantum computer developed by the Canadian company D- Wave.

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