River Hindon is a major Source of water to the highly populated and predominantly rural population of western Uttar Pradesh, India. River originates in the lower Himalayas in Saharanpur district (UP, Uttar Pradesh) and flows 260 km through six districts including Muzaffarnagar, Meerut, Baghpat, Ghaziabad and Gautambudh Nagar until its confluence with the Yamuna. In non-monsoon months the river is completely dry from its origin up to Saharanpur town. The main water quality parameters that have been used to assess the quality status of river are BOD, DO, pH, Turbidity, Total Phosphate. The samples of water and wastewater collected are tested and the data obtained for pre- and post-monsoon seasons during month of January and April 2013 and are converted with National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) to achieve at a single value defining the water quality at selected locations. The result shows that the water quality of river is not good. The water of river Hindon is not suitable for any use.
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Nomenclature
- Introduction
- Study Area
- Methodology
- Result
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
The objective of this study was to assess the water quality of the Hindon River between Muzaffarnagar and Ghaziabad using the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI). The study aimed to determine the suitability of the river water for various uses based on its water quality parameters.
- Assessment of Hindon River water quality
- Impact of pollution on river water quality
- Suitability of river water for different uses
- Analysis of water quality parameters (BOD, DO, pH, Turbidity, Phosphate)
- Application of NSFWQI for water quality assessment
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
Abstract: This study investigated the water quality of the Hindon River in western Uttar Pradesh, India, using the NSFWQI. Water samples collected during pre- and post-monsoon seasons were analyzed for BOD, DO, pH, turbidity, and total phosphate. The results, presented as a single NSFWQI value for each location, indicated poor water quality unsuitable for any use.
Introduction: The introduction establishes the context of the study by highlighting the importance of the Hindon River as a water source in a densely populated region. It discusses the river's historical context and its current state of pollution due to untreated industrial and sewage effluents. The section also reviews previous research on Hindon River pollution, covering various aspects such as fish as indicators of pollution, effects of industrial effluents, impact of wastewater disposal, heavy metal contamination, pesticide pollution, and conservation plans for specific stretches of the river. The introduction sets the stage for the current study by focusing on the 100km stretch from Atali to Mohan Nagar.
Study Area: This section describes the geographical area under investigation, which is a 100 km stretch of the Hindon River from Atali village to Habiatpur village. It provides a map (Figure 1) showing the sampling locations for both river water and drains, as well as a table (Table 1) listing the drains where samples were collected. The map displays the river's path, its tributaries, and the various points where pollution sources are identified, such as sugar mills, dairy plants, and industrial estates.
Methodology: This chapter details the sampling and analytical methods employed in the study. It outlines the procedures for water sample collection, adhering to APHA 1989 standards, and sample transportation to the laboratory. The analytical techniques used for determining pH, BOD, DO, phosphate, and turbidity are described (Table 2). The process of using an online NSFWQI calculator to assess water quality based on the obtained data is also explained. The chapter describes the precise methods used for data collection and analysis, providing a transparent account of the research procedures.
Result: This section presents the results of the water quality analysis. The data from drains and river water samples, converted into NSFWQI values using weight factors for each parameter (Table 3), are tabulated (Tables 6 & 7 for drains, Tables 8 & 9 for river water, though these tables are not fully provided in the text). The results are categorized using a 0-100 scale into quality classes (Table 5) showing the overall water quality status of the drains and the river. The findings reveal that the water quality is generally bad and in some instances very bad, rendering the river water unsuitable for any human use.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
River Hindon, Water Quality, NSFWQI, BOD, DO, pH, Turbidity, Phosphate, Water Pollution, Industrial Waste, Sewage.
Frequently Asked Questions: Hindon River Water Quality Assessment
What is the main focus of this study?
This study assesses the water quality of the Hindon River between Muzaffarnagar and Ghaziabad, India, using the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI). It aims to determine the suitability of the river water for various uses.
What are the key themes explored in the study?
The study explores the assessment of Hindon River water quality, the impact of pollution on the river, the suitability of the river water for different uses, the analysis of key water quality parameters (BOD, DO, pH, Turbidity, Phosphate), and the application of the NSFWQI for water quality assessment.
What is the methodology used in this research?
The study involved collecting water samples from the river and drains along a 100km stretch. Samples were analyzed for various parameters (pH, BOD, DO, phosphate, and turbidity) using standard methods (APHA 1989). The NSFWQI was then calculated using an online calculator to determine the overall water quality.
What geographical area was studied?
The study focused on a 100km stretch of the Hindon River from Atali village to Habiatpur village in western Uttar Pradesh, India. The study included sampling locations along the river and at various drain points contributing to the river's pollution.
What are the key findings of the study?
The results, presented as NSFWQI values, indicated generally poor water quality, rendering the river water unsuitable for most, if not all, human uses. The data revealed that both the river water and the drains contributing to it exhibited poor water quality.
What water quality parameters were analyzed?
The study analyzed Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH, Turbidity, and Total Phosphate levels in the water samples.
What is the NSFWQI and how was it used?
The National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) is a standardized index used to assess water quality based on various parameters. In this study, the NSFWQI was calculated using the measured parameters to provide a single value representing the overall water quality at each sampling location.
What were the main sources of pollution identified?
The study mentions pollution from untreated industrial and sewage effluents as major contributors to the poor water quality of the Hindon River. Specific sources identified included sugar mills, dairy plants, and industrial estates along the river.
What is included in the Table of Contents?
The table of contents includes an abstract, keywords, nomenclature, introduction, study area, methodology, and results sections.
Where can I find more detailed information about the data and analysis?
While the provided text summarizes the findings, detailed tables (Tables 1-9) with specific data and NSFWQI values are referenced but not fully included in this preview.
- Quote paper
- Prabhakar Shukla (Author), 2014, Measuring the Water Quality of River Hindon between Muzaffarnagar and Ghaziabad Using a NSFWQI Calculator, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/283776
