In developing countries like Ethiopia rural-urban migration affects socio-economic realities in both urban and rural areas. This study aims at identifying the major causes and consequences of the movement of people from rural to urban areas. To achieve the objective 282 migrant household heads were selected purposively from four Kebeles of the town. Both primary and secondary data were employed and were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively by using SPSS version 17th.
Structured questionnaires and FGD were used on the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of migrant households.
Most of the migrants move to the town alone. They had some information about the town and the decision of their migration is mostly made by themselves.
However, most of them migrated decide to migrate not in planned way. A greater number of the migrants are young adults, males, and unmarried and had some form of education before they decided to migrate.
There are many causes for the movement of the people to the town. Among them the search for job, to gain education and training, and problem related with land and agricultural productivity was the major one. Many of the migrants encountered problems at the initial period of adjustment and adaptation and even currently.
In line with this, some useful points of recommendations for effective urban management and rural development activities are suggested.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONE
1. INTRODUCATION
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Objective of study
1.4 Research Question
1.5 Significance of the Study
1.6 Limitation and Delimitation of the Study
1.7 Scope of the study
1.8 Definitions of Key Terminologies and Key Concepts
1.9. Organization of the Paper
CHAPTER TWO
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Theoretical Framework
2.2. The Empirical Framework
2.3. Conceptual Framework
Chapter Three
3. Research Methodology
3.1. Description of the Study Area
3.2. Research Strategy and Design
3.3. Data Type and Source
3.4. Sampling Methods
3.5. Data Processing and Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
4. The Process of Migration, the Characteristics of Migrants and Causes of Migration to Wolaita Soddo Town
4.1. The Overall Process of Migration
4.2. The Characteristics of Migrants
4.3. The Socio-Economic Characteristics of Migrants
4.4. The Causes for Migration
CHAPTER FIVE
5. CONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATION
5.1. Problems Encountered by Migrants while adjusting themselves to the New Environment ( Wolaita Soddo Town)
5.2. Current Occupational Status, Educational and Income Level of Migrants
5.3. Access of Migrants to Housing Facilities and Amenities
5.4 Access of Migrants to Water and Electricity Services
5.5. Ownership of Durable Consumer Items
5.6. A Comparison of the Socio-Economic Condition of Migrants before and After Migration.
5.7. Current Problems of Migrants and Their Future Plan of Migration
CHAPTER SIX
6. Conclusion and Recommendation
6.1. Summary
6.2 Conclusion
6.3. Recommendations
Research Objectives and Thematic Focus
This study investigates the dynamics of rural-urban migration by analyzing the primary drivers, migrant profiles, and the resulting consequences for both migrants and the urban center of Wolaita Soddo, Ethiopia. The research aims to evaluate how economic and non-economic factors influence migration decisions and identify the socio-economic challenges faced by migrants during their initial adjustment and long-term settlement in the town.
- Analysis of push and pull factors influencing rural-urban migration patterns.
- Examination of the socio-demographic characteristics of migrant household heads.
- Assessment of migrant access to urban housing, employment, and public amenities.
- Evaluation of the impact of migration on both the rural place of origin and the urban destination.
Extract from the Book
4.4. The Causes for Migration
There are several reasons for population mobility from place to place. Reasons for migration to urban centers in particular are more complex. However, the causes of migration are usually identified as two broad categories, namely “pushing” and “pulling” factors.
For example, people of a certain area may be pushed off by poverty and other natural factor to move towards towns for employment. On the other hand, better employment opportunities or the need for better facilities in urban areas may also pull people to different urban areas. In addition, the decision to migrate from one place to another may also be influenced by non-economic factors such as the need to join relatives, the need to be free from cultural and family restriction and obligation and so on. In general, however, as to the causes of migration scholars conclude that migration is a response by humans to a series of economic and non-economic factors (Lewis, 1982; Todaro, 1997). However, nowadays scholars agreed that rural-urban migration is largely explained by economic factors than non-economic factors (Todaro, 1997). In Ethiopia rural urban migration also takes place largely as a response to economic factors rather than non-economic factors (EEA, 1999/2000).
Summary of Chapters
CHAPTER ONE: Provides an introduction to the study, outlining the research background, problem statement, objectives, and the significance of investigating rural-urban migration.
CHAPTER TWO: Reviews the theoretical and empirical literature surrounding migration, covering global models and specific studies on migration in Africa and Ethiopia.
CHAPTER THREE: Details the research methodology, including the design, data collection instruments, sampling techniques used for the survey, and data analysis procedures.
CHAPTER FOUR: Presents the findings regarding the migration process, characteristics of the migrants, and the specific factors driving migration to Wolaita Soddo.
CHAPTER FIVE: Examines the consequences of migration, focusing on the challenges faced by migrants in their new environment and their access to socio-economic services.
CHAPTER SIX: Summarizes the research findings, offers conclusions on the migration phenomenon in the study area, and provides policy recommendations.
Keywords
Migration, Rural Urban Migration, Migrants, Wolaita Soddo, Urbanization, Socio-economic, Employment, Poverty, Push Factors, Pull Factors, Demographic, Ethiopia, Housing, Remittance, Landlessness.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research?
The research examines the drivers and impacts of rural-urban migration, specifically focusing on the causes that lead people to move to Wolaita Soddo and the subsequent consequences for their livelihoods.
What are the primary themes discussed?
The key themes include the socio-economic profiles of migrants, the distinction between push and pull factors, the challenges of urban adjustment, and the role of remittances and infrastructure.
What is the main objective of this study?
The primary objective is to assess the drivers of rural-urban migration and evaluate the consequences for housing, employment, and social welfare in the study area.
Which scientific methods were employed?
The study utilizes a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from structured questionnaires with qualitative insights gathered through focus group discussions (FGD).
What does the main body of the work cover?
The main body covers the theoretical framework of migration, an empirical analysis of the migrant population in Wolaita Soddo, and a detailed look at the consequences of migration on their daily lives.
Which keywords characterize the paper?
The paper is defined by terms such as rural-urban migration, poverty, employment, urban housing, and socio-economic transformation.
How does the study define the "push" and "pull" factors?
The study defines push factors as negative conditions in the place of origin (e.g., poverty, land scarcity, crop failure) and pull factors as attractions in the destination (e.g., job availability, better social services).
What findings does the study reveal about the migrants in Wolaita Soddo?
The study finds that most migrants are young, single, rural-born individuals who moved to the town primarily for economic reasons, though many face housing and employment challenges upon arrival.
- Quote paper
- Wesen Altaye Aydiko (Author), 2015, The Cause and Consequences of Rural Urban Migration, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/307635
