Asthma is a chronic disorder specifically characterized by severe inflammation and constriction, mucus hyper-secretion and hyper-responsiveness in the airway. Allergic Asthma (AA) is characterized by discontinuous airway obstruction that may cause temporary to severe asphyxiation and can consequence into death. Airway obstruction in asthma is because of rigorous inflammation concerning multi-cellular components together with eosinophils, neutrophils, CD4+T lymphocytes & mast cells, with eosinophilic infiltration being the most conspicuous feature.
The multifaceted phenotype of AA suggested being elevated from multiple interactions of infiltrating and structural cells that is coordinated by T helper 2 (TH2) cells consequential in chronic airway inflammation. By extremely secreting convinced mediators like interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which grasps a key point in asthma pathogenesis cause erratic degree of broncho-obstruction, increased mucus production, and airway remodeling. There are a variety of T cell which plays a significant role in AA that is TH1, TH2, TH17, regulatory T cell, TH3 TH22, TH25, TH9 and others. There are various molecular signaling molecules such as STAT4, FOXp3, GATA-3 and T-bet which regulates CD4+T cells in AA.
Nowadays the approach to manage asthma is based on inhaled bronchodilator and corticosteroids. But the research is on the mechanism of some promising phytomedicines. we summarized here with some mechanisms of some flavonoids to alleviate AA through CD4+T cells. In conclusion, we found that the CD4+T-cell subpopulations played some major contribution in regulating/modulating the AA and interestingly, the natural potent anti-oxidant & anti- inflammatory compounds such as flavonoids could able to attenuate the AA by regulating these subpopulations of CD4+T-cells or the signaling molecules involved in the pathogenesis.
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- 1. Introduction of Asthma
- 1.1. Global scenario of asthma
- 1.2. National perspective of asthma
- 2. Allergic Asthma (AA)
- 2.1. Pathophysiology of AA
- 2.2 Role of immune cells in AA
- 3. Role of T-lymphocytes in AA
- 3.1. Role of TH1/TH2 CELL
- 3.2. Role of TH17 CD4+Tcell in AA
- 3.3. Role of TH9 and TH25 in AA
- 4. Cytokines, Interleukins & Interferon-λ in AA
- 5. Molecular signaling molecules which regulates the CD4+T cells in AA
- 5.1 STAT4
- 5.2. FOXP3
- 5.3. GATA-3
- 5.4. T-bet
- 6. Natural Flavonoids
- 6.1. Flavonoids and AA
- 7. Conclusion
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
This work aims to explore the role of CD4+ T cell subpopulations in allergic asthma and investigate the potential of natural flavonoids as a therapeutic strategy. The study delves into the pathophysiology of allergic asthma, focusing on the complex interplay of immune cells and signaling molecules. * The pathophysiology of allergic asthma and its global impact. * The role of different CD4+ T cell subsets (TH1, TH2, TH17, TH9, TH25) in the disease process. * The involvement of key cytokines, interleukins, and interferon-λ in allergic asthma. * The molecular mechanisms regulating CD4+ T cell activity in allergic asthma. * The therapeutic potential of natural flavonoids in ameliorating asthma symptoms.Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
1. Introduction of Asthma: This chapter introduces asthma as a chronic inflammatory airway disorder, characterized by inflammation, constriction, mucus hypersecretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness. It discusses the common symptoms—chest congestion, coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath—and highlights various environmental triggers such as pollen, smoke, drugs, food additives, and chemical fumes. The introduction also touches upon the diverse range of allergens that can provoke asthmatic reactions, including dust, animal dander, mold, pollen, and tobacco smoke, as well as exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. The global burden of asthma is briefly discussed, emphasizing the significant number of people affected worldwide and the challenges in accurately assessing the prevalence, particularly in developing countries. 2. Allergic Asthma (AA): This chapter delves into the specifics of allergic asthma (AA), focusing on its pathophysiology. It explains the intricate immune mechanisms involved in the development and progression of AA. A key aspect is the role of immune cells in triggering and sustaining the inflammatory response that characterizes allergic asthma. 3. Role of T-lymphocytes in AA: This chapter explores the crucial role of T-lymphocytes, particularly CD4+ T cells, in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. It details the contributions of various T helper cell subsets, including TH1, TH2, TH17, TH9, and TH25 cells, and their respective cytokine profiles. The chapter likely examines how imbalances in these T cell populations contribute to the characteristic inflammation seen in allergic asthma. The interplay between these different T cell subsets is explored in detail. 4. Cytokines, Interleukins & Interferon-λ in AA: This section analyzes the roles of various cytokines, interleukins, and interferon-λ in the inflammatory processes of allergic asthma. It explains how these signaling molecules influence immune cell activity and contribute to the overall disease pathology. This chapter likely highlights the specific roles of key mediators in driving inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. 5. Molecular signaling molecules which regulates the CD4+T cells in AA: This chapter delves into the molecular signaling pathways that regulate CD4+ T cell function in allergic asthma. It focuses on specific signaling molecules such as STAT4, FOXP3, GATA-3, and T-bet, and their roles in modulating T cell differentiation and cytokine production. The significance of these molecules in shaping the immune response in AA is discussed. 6. Natural Flavonoids: This chapter introduces natural flavonoids and explores their potential therapeutic applications in managing allergic asthma. It likely discusses the mechanisms by which flavonoids might exert their beneficial effects, potentially including anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory actions. Specific examples of flavonoids and their potential efficacy are likely detailed.Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
Allergic asthma, CD4+ T cells, TH1, TH2, TH17, TH9, TH25 cells, cytokines, interleukins, interferon-λ, STAT4, FOXP3, GATA-3, T-bet, flavonoids, immunomodulation, inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness.
Frequently Asked Questions: A Comprehensive Language Preview on Allergic Asthma
What is the main focus of this document?
This document provides a comprehensive overview of allergic asthma, focusing on the roles of CD4+ T cell subpopulations and the potential therapeutic applications of natural flavonoids. It explores the pathophysiology of the disease, the involvement of various immune cells and signaling molecules, and the mechanisms by which flavonoids might alleviate asthma symptoms.
What are the key themes explored in this document?
The key themes include the pathophysiology of allergic asthma and its global impact; the roles of different CD4+ T cell subsets (TH1, TH2, TH17, TH9, TH25) in the disease process; the involvement of key cytokines, interleukins, and interferon-λ; the molecular mechanisms regulating CD4+ T cell activity; and the therapeutic potential of natural flavonoids.
What specific CD4+ T cell subsets are discussed?
The document details the roles of TH1, TH2, TH17, TH9, and TH25 cells in allergic asthma, examining their contributions to the inflammatory response and how imbalances in these populations contribute to the disease.
What signaling molecules are highlighted in relation to CD4+ T cell regulation?
The molecular signaling pathways regulating CD4+ T cell function are discussed, focusing on STAT4, FOXP3, GATA-3, and T-bet, and their roles in modulating T cell differentiation and cytokine production.
What is the role of cytokines, interleukins, and interferon-λ in allergic asthma?
The document analyzes the roles of various cytokines, interleukins, and interferon-λ in the inflammatory processes of allergic asthma, explaining how these signaling molecules influence immune cell activity and contribute to the disease pathology.
What is the potential therapeutic role of natural flavonoids?
The document explores the potential therapeutic applications of natural flavonoids in managing allergic asthma, discussing their mechanisms of action, which might include anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory effects.
What are the chapter summaries provided in this document?
Chapter summaries provide concise overviews of each section, including an introduction to asthma, a detailed explanation of allergic asthma's pathophysiology, the roles of T-lymphocytes and specific signaling molecules, and a discussion on the potential therapeutic applications of natural flavonoids.
What are the keywords associated with this document?
Keywords include Allergic asthma, CD4+ T cells, TH1, TH2, TH17, TH9, TH25 cells, cytokines, interleukins, interferon-λ, STAT4, FOXP3, GATA-3, T-bet, flavonoids, immunomodulation, inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness.
What is the overall objective of this work?
The objective is to explore the role of CD4+ T cell subpopulations in allergic asthma and investigate the potential of natural flavonoids as a therapeutic strategy.
What is included in the table of contents?
The table of contents outlines the structure of the document, covering an introduction to asthma, allergic asthma's pathophysiology, the roles of T-lymphocytes and specific signaling molecules, and a concluding chapter. Specific sub-sections are detailed within each chapter.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Shakti P. Pattanayak (Autor:in), Priyashree Sunita (Autor:in), Spriha Anshu (Autor:in), 2016, Role of CD4+T cell sub-populations in allergic asthma, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/333928
