History of timber-framed walls in the Southern Balkans and Anatolia

Scientific Essay , 2016 , 26 Pages

Art - Architecture / History of Construction

To understand the technological, aesthetical and symbolic value of the surviving timber framed walls and to plan their restoration and protection, historical documentation is needed. Archaeological finds from the 16th century BC (Thera / Greece) and the 1st century AD (Herculaneum / Italy) have provided physical evidence, and written documents of 1st century BC (Vitruv) and 17th century AD (Dela Valle) give analytic description.

Allusions to these walls made up until today help us to form an idea about the development of various timber wall types, over the last three one half thousand years. The surviving buildings were generally built after the 18th century AD. Some of the main characteristics of their static system and construction will help to identify the various forms of technology, aesthetics, materials and construction procedures.

Contents

1. INTRODUCTION

2. Material Documentation of timber framed walls
2.1. Forerunner of timber frames
2.1.1. Huts in Dispelio /Greece (50th century BC)
2.1.2. Sparse timber-frames in Thera / Greece (17th century BC)
2.1.3. Read constructions in Haimos (Balkans), Africa and Mesopotamia
2.2. Timber framed walls in the antique
2.2.1. Vague written descriptions
2.2.2. Excavations findings
2.3. The Roman Empire's era "dark times"
2.4. Timber framed walls around the 17th century AD
2.4.1. General description
2.4.2. Description of timber constructions in Istanbul
2.4.3. Sporadically surviving framed walls
2.4.4. Interpretations problems of historiography
2.5. Two centuries old framed walls
2.5.1. “Vitruv –type” walls
2.5.2. “Herculaneum – type” walls
2.5.3. Walls with diagonals
2.5.4. Walls with laths covering
2.5.5. The dense stud – lintel frame
2.5.6. Spare timber frame

3. Transmission of timber wall technology
3.1. Timber-frame wall technology transmission by Greeks in the early Roman Empire
3.2. Timber-frame wall technology in Balkans on the verge from Christian Roman Empire to the Ottoman one
3.3. Wall technology in Central Europe
3.4. Allusions for wall technology transfer during the Ottoman Empire
3.5. Claims of other researchers
3.6. Technical terminology as expression of state rule
3.6.1. Antique
3.6.2. Roman Empire era - Rom's rule
3.6.3. Roman Empire era - Constantinople's rule
3.6.4. Ottoman Empire era
3.6.5. Era of the national states in southern Balkans

4. Types of timber framed walls through history

5. THE CONTRIBUTION OF INFILL MATERIALS AND CLADDING

6. appraisal of wooden wall types

7. Conclusions

Remark:

References

• Author: Dr.civ. eng. Nikolaos Hatzitrifon (Author)
• Publication Year: 2016
• Pages: 26
• Catalog Number: V334414
• ISBN (eBook): 9783656989875
• ISBN (Book): 9783656989882
• Language: English
• Tags: timber, wall, Balkan, Anatolia, construction, technology, appraisal, history