Groundwater samples were collected from some villages in Alkaleri Local Government Area of Bauchi State. The samples were analyzed at the Geology Programme laboratory, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi. Concentration of iron, lead, manganese, chromium, calcium, copper, zinc and nickel were determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).
Results of the analyses show low values for iron, lead, manganese, calcium and copper in some locations (below the World Health Organizations (WHO) maximum permissible limit for drinking water). Concentrations of nickel and chromium in some locations are high (above the WHO maximum permissible limit for drinking water). Adequate concentrations of some of these trace elements in drinking water help in maintaining metabolism of the human body, however, higher or lower concentrations could have adverse effects on humans.
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction:
2.0 Method of Study.
3.0 Results and Discussions:
Objectives and Research Themes
This study aims to evaluate the hydrochemical composition of groundwater in various villages within the Alkaleri Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. The primary research focus is to determine the concentration levels of essential trace elements and heavy metals—specifically iron, lead, manganese, chromium, calcium, copper, zinc, and nickel—to assess their compliance with World Health Organization (WHO) safety standards for drinking water and to discuss the potential health implications for the local population.
- Hydrochemical analysis of groundwater sources in the Gongola sub-basin.
- Assessment of heavy metal concentrations using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).
- Evaluation of water quality against WHO maximum permissible limits.
- Investigation into the health impacts of trace element deficiencies and excesses.
Excerpt from the Book
Method of Study.
A total of seventeen (17) ground water sample were collected from the study area. These samples were analyzed at the Geology Programme laboratory, AbubakarTafawaBalewa University Bauchi. Concentration of iron, lead, manganese, chromium, calcium, copper, zinc and nickel were determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The sample were digested first , by measuring 50ml of the water samples into the sample vapour, is illuminated by a light source calibrated beaker. Add 5ml of nitride acid (HNO3) and Hydrochloric acid (HCL) in the ratio of 3:2 (3ml of HNO3 + 2ML OF HCL). Heat the mixture on a hot plate until the volume is reduce to 10ml through evaporation and make it up to the mark in 50ml in volumetric flask with distilled water. Read the absorbance from Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), which will indicate the corresponding percentages for each traced element.
Summary of Chapters
1.0 Introduction: This chapter provides an overview of the study area, including its geographical location within the Gongola sub-basin and the geological background of the Upper Benue Trough.
2.0 Method of Study.: This section details the procedures for sample collection and the laboratory methodology, specifically the use of atomic absorption spectrometry to detect trace elements.
3.0 Results and Discussions:: This chapter presents the analytical findings regarding the concentration of various minerals and heavy metals, comparing them against established health guidelines and discussing their biological impact.
Keywords
Hydrochemistry, Groundwater, Alkaleri, Bauchi State, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Trace Elements, Heavy Metals, WHO Standards, Public Health, Gongola sub-basin, Kerri-Kerri Formation, Water Quality, Mineral Deficiency, Toxicity, Geochemistry.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the fundamental focus of this research paper?
The paper focuses on the hydrochemical analysis of groundwater in villages within the Alkaleri Local Government Area in Nigeria, specifically identifying trace element concentrations.
What are the central thematic areas covered?
The study covers geological settings, chemical water analysis, mineral safety standards, and the public health implications of drinking water contamination or deficiency.
What is the primary objective of this work?
The primary objective is to evaluate whether the groundwater used by local communities meets international safety standards regarding chemical content and trace element presence.
Which scientific method is utilized in this study?
The researchers employed Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) to digest samples and accurately quantify the concentration of specific heavy metals and minerals.
What topics are addressed in the main body of the work?
The main body details the geological basin, the laboratory testing procedure, and provides a comparative analysis of iron, lead, copper, manganese, chromium, zinc, calcium, and nickel levels.
Which keywords characterize this paper?
Key terms include Hydrochemistry, Groundwater, Alkaleri, Trace Elements, Heavy Metals, WHO Standards, and Water Quality.
Why are high concentrations of nickel and chromium a specific concern in this study?
These elements were found in some locations to exceed the maximum permissible limits set by the WHO, which poses potential long-term health risks like liver damage or respiratory issues.
How does the deficiency of certain minerals affect the population in this area?
Deficiencies in elements like iron, zinc, and calcium can lead to significant health conditions, including anemia, poor bone development, and slow wound healing.
What is the significance of the Kerri-Kerri Formation in this context?
The Kerri-Kerri Formation acts as the aquifer for the study area, composed of sandstone that influences the chemical composition of the groundwater extracted by the residents.
Does the study suggest solutions for the identified mineral imbalances?
Yes, the authors provide dietary recommendations for the local population to mitigate the identified deficiencies in minerals like iron, copper, and calcium.
- Quote paper
- Josiah Jabbo (Author), 2010, Hydrochemistry of water from Bauchi state, Nigeria, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/335318
