Employee motivation was defined by Torrington (2008) as “an effort or drive that an individual puts into an activity”. This research paper investigated the effectiveness of money as motivator for academic staff in higher learning institutions.
The subjects of the study were 26 workers of Tumaini University Dar es Salaam College, the subjects were divided into two groups; senior management and academic staff. 25 questionnaires were issued to academic staff and an interview was conducted with the principal human resource officer. In spite of other relevant theories, the study was keenly guided by the Herzberg two-factor theory that argued “trying to use money is an inferior way to motivate an employee”.
Quantitative and qualitative techniques of data analysis were employed. The findings of the study revealed that the effectiveness of money as motivator for academic staff was limited or affected by some motivating factors and not affected or unlimited by others. In the concern of the implications, the limitations and suggestions for future research studies, they are discussed in the final chapter.
Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction of the Study
1.2 Background of the problem
1.3 Statement of the problem
1.4 General objective of the study
1.5 Specific objectives of the study
1.6 Research questions
1.7 Significance of the study
1.8 The scope of the study
1.9 The limitations of the study
1.10 The theoretical framework
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Theoretical literature review
2.2 The concept and meaning of motivation
2.3 The key elements of motivation
2.4 The type and nature of motivation
2.5 Work-Motivation theories,
2.6 The empirical literature review
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research design
3.2 Area of the study
3.3 Population of the study
3.4 Sampling procedures and sample size
1. Sampling procedures
2. Sample size
3.5 Data source
3.6 Data collection methods
3.7 Instrumentation
3.8 Data analysis
3.9 Limitations and delimitations
3.10 Time frame
3.11 Budget
4.0 DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
4.1 Data analysis and presentation
4.2 Introduction
4.3 Profile of Respondents
4.4 Respondent’s Level of intrinsic motivation toward the job
4.5 Assessing Academic staff’s demotivators at TUDARCo
4.6 Academic staff’s motivation packages at TUDARCo
4.7 Assessing the Effectiveness of Employee motivators
4.8 Money and Motivation
4.9 Effectiveness of money as motivator
4.10 Discussion of findings
4.11 The main causes of demotivation for academic staff at TUDARCo?
4.12 The common motivation packages offered to academic staff at TUDARCo
4.13 Effectiveness of extrinsic motivators compared to intrinsic motivators
4.14 Employees’ perception in regard to money and motivation
4.15 Effectiveness of money in motivation compared to other motivators
5.0 CONCLUNSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary of the study
5.2 General Conclusions
5.3 Recommendations
5.4 Limitations of this study and recommendations for future studies
Research Objectives and Themes
This research aims to critically evaluate the role of financial rewards as a motivator for academic staff at the Tumaini University Dar es Salaam College (TUDARCo). By applying the Herzberg two-factor theory, the study investigates whether monetary incentives effectively drive performance or if non-monetary factors, such as work autonomy and recognition, hold greater significance for employee motivation in an academic setting.
- The influence of financial versus intrinsic motivation on academic staff.
- Identification of primary demotivators within a higher learning institution.
- The effectiveness of current motivational packages at TUDARCo.
- Staff perception regarding the role of money in their professional engagement.
- Empirical analysis of monetary benefits versus job content motivators.
Excerpt from the Book
1.2 Background of the problem
According to Decenzo (2013), the motivation function is one of the most important yet probably the least understood aspects of HRM Process. Human behavior is complex, and trying to figure out what motivates various employees has long been a concern of behavioral scientists. All organizations are ultimately concerned with what should be done to motivate employees so as to achieve sustained high levels of performance through people -- motivated people (Armstrong, 2006). Since the identification of Motivation as an important ingredient for performance, looking closely to what motivates employees has been a long quest for the organizational management.
Initially, the instrumentality theory of Frederick Taylor of 1911 was received with great interest and its systematic views on work and performance still influence HRM Process even today (Decenzo, 2013). Frederick Taylor once argued that if monetary rewards are tied to the efforts put on jobs, then employees would respond with the maximum capability (Utouh, 2000). He explained it in what he called “systematic soldering” (Dessler, 2013). His theory provoked Humanists such as Hugo Munsterberg and Mary Parker Follet in the Human Relation Era (Decenzo, 2013). The theory felt too mechanistic, not regarding humans as complex living and social beings as Elton Mayo viewed (Torrington, 2005). And such that tying a human to the struggle for money reduced his dignity. Although theories such as; Maslow’s Hierarchy (Maslow, 1943) and McGregor’s X and Y (McGregor, 1960) had already argued with the Taylor’s mechanistic link between money and employee motivation, it’s the notorious Herzberg two-factor theory that beheaded the “money-motivation concept”, He argued that; - “Adding more of these hygienes (like incentives) to the job is an inferior way to try to motivate someone, because lower-level needs are quickly satisfied. Soon the person simply says, in effect, what have you done for me lately?” (Dessler, 2013, p. 394).
Summary of Chapters
1.0 INTRODUCTION: This chapter introduces the study, its background, the research objectives, and the theoretical framework used to understand employee motivation.
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW: This chapter covers theoretical concepts and empirical literature regarding work motivation, including key theories like Maslow’s Hierarchy and Herzberg’s two-factor theory.
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: This chapter details the research design, data collection methods such as questionnaires and interviews, and the sample size utilized at TUDARCo.
4.0 DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS: This chapter presents the statistical results of the data and discusses the effectiveness of monetary and non-monetary motivators based on the respondents' feedback.
5.0 CONCLUNSION AND RECOMMENDATION: This chapter summarizes the study findings, provides general conclusions, and offers recommendations for the management of TUDARCo to improve staff motivation.
Keywords
Employee motivation, Higher learning institutions, Financial incentives, Herzberg two-factor theory, Intrinsic motivation, Extrinsic motivation, TUDARCo, Academic staff, Job performance, Work autonomy, Organizational management, Salary, Recognition, Career advancement, Job satisfaction.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research?
The research explores the effectiveness of money as a primary motivator for academic staff at Tumaini University Dar es Salaam College, while comparing its influence against intrinsic and non-monetary motivational factors.
What are the central themes examined in the study?
The study focuses on the impact of financial rewards, identification of workplace demotivators, staff perceptions of money, and the efficacy of various motivation packages currently offered by the institution.
What is the main objective of this work?
The primary goal is to provide a clear assessment of how financial incentives affect the motivation of academic staff in Tanzanian higher learning institutions, specifically within the context of TUDARCo.
Which scientific methodology was employed?
The researcher adopted a descriptive case study approach, utilizing both quantitative analysis of questionnaires distributed to 25 academic staff and qualitative insights gathered from interviews with senior management.
What is covered in the main body of the research?
The main body reviews existing motivational theories, details the research methodology, presents statistical findings from the survey data, and discusses the implications of these findings regarding employee behavior and performance.
Which keywords define this research?
Key terms include Employee motivation, Higher learning institutions, Financial incentives, Herzberg two-factor theory, Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic motivation, and Academic staff performance.
How did Herzberg's theory influence the findings?
The study used the Herzberg two-factor theory to classify motivators into hygiene (extrinsic) and intrinsic factors, ultimately supporting the argument that monetary rewards are often insufficient to generate sustained job satisfaction.
Does the research conclude that money motivates?
The findings conclude that while money is widely viewed as a motivator due to its utility in meeting daily needs, its effectiveness is highly dependent on other factors; it can be limited or neutralized by poor working conditions or a lack of intrinsic motivators.
- Quote paper
- Alex Mbegu (Author), 2016, The effectiveness of money as a motivation for academic institutions. An assessment, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/343504
