A field experiment was conducted at the Instructional-cum-Research (ICR) farm of Assam Agricultural University in 2012 to study the effect of weed management practices on growth and yield of chili after winter rice. The treatments comprised of ten different weed management practices including control. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications.
The study revealed that the weed density as well as dry weight were lowest in the treatments with metribuzin @ 500 g/ha combined with garden hoeing at 30, 60 or 30, 50, 60 or 30, 60, 80 days after planting over the rest of the treatments. Among the weed management treatments, a higher weed density was observed in the three treatments of quizalofop-p-ethyl @ 50 g/ha followed by garden hoeing at 45, 75 or 60, 80 or 50, 80 days after planting. Plant height, days to 50 per cent flowering, numbers of primary and secondary branches were highest in metribuzin treated plots. Length of fruit and stalk, fruit girth, number of seeds per fruit, number of fruits per plant and yield per plant were relatively higher with treatments involving metribuzin. The fruit yield (fresh and dry) was also found to be higher in the metribuzin treated plots. Mechanical weeding with garden hoe alone closely followed metribuzin treatments in respect of fruit yield. The available nutrient was found to be lower in the plots with metribuzin treatment or mechanically weeded with only garden hoeing at different intervals. The yield loss due to uncontrolled weeds in weedy check (287 kg/ha) as compared to the highest yield (3417 kg/ha fresh chili) obtained from metribuzin 500 g/ha + garden hoeing at 30, 50 and 80 DAP was 91 per cent. The benefit-cost ratio was found to be highest ( 2.60) in metribuzin @ 500 g/ha along with garden hoeing 30, 50, 80 days after planting. The biochemical attributes like ascorbic acid (62.1 mg/100g) and capsaicin content ( ~ 60.6 mg/100g) were found to be significantly higher in metribuzin @ 500 g/ha with garden hoeing at 30 and 60 or 30, 50 and 80 days after planting over the above treatments.
From this study, it could be inferred that application of metribuzin @ 500 g/ha with garden hoeing at 30, 50, 60 days after planting controlled the weeds in chili effectively and resulted higher fruit yield, quality of chili and economic return.
Table of Contents
I INTRODUCTION
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Weed flora of chili
2.2 Effect of weed on growth and yield of chili
2.3 Methods of weed control and their effects on weed growth, yield attributes and yield
2.4 Phytotoxicity of herbicide in chili
2.5 Biochemical parameters in chili
2.6 Economics of weed control
III MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Geographical location
3.2 Weather and Climatic Conditions
3.3 Experimental Site and Soil
3.4 Previous cropping history of experiment plot
IV EXPERIMENTAL FINDINGS
V DISCUSSION
VI SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Research Objective and Scope
The primary research objective of this work is to investigate the efficacy of various integrated weed management practices on the vegetative growth and total fruit yield of chili cultivated as a succeeding crop after winter rice, aiming to optimize agricultural productivity under medium land conditions.
- Analysis of diverse weed flora and their competitive dynamics in chili crops.
- Evaluation of pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicide applications in combination with mechanical weeding.
- Assessment of growth parameters, yield components, and fruit quality attributes such as capsaicin and ascorbic acid content.
- Economic analysis of different weed management strategies to determine the most cost-effective and profitable approach.
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2.1 Weed flora of chili
Chili is a summer as well as winter season crop and it is infested with diverse weed flora comprising various grasses, broad leaved and sedges. Different works on the study of weed flora associated with chili from Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Karnataka, Haryana, Himalayan region, Uttaranchal, Arid regions, America, California are reviewed and presented below.
Rajagopal et al. (1976) from Tamil Nadu recorded the weeds associated with chili crop as Trianthema portulacastrum L., Gynandropsis pentaphylla L., Cynodon dactylon L. pers, and Cyperus rotundus L. On the other hand, Saimbhi and Randhawa (1976) in Punjab observed Cyperus rotundus L., Tribulus terrestris L. Celosia argentea L., Digera arvensis Forsk., Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop, Eragrostis spp., Eleusine aegyptium Desf., and Eleusine indica L. Gaertn. in this crop.
In the year 1984, Bullock et al. recorded the weeds of chili viz. Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop, Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx, Eleusine indica L. Gaerth, Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Galinsoga spp., while Sharma et al. (1988) reported that Cyperus rotundus L., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Commelina nudiflora L., Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop., Echinochloa colonum L., Setaria glauca Beauv, Eleusine indica L. Gaertn, Chenopodium album L. and Ageratum conyzoides L., were mainly associated with chili. Dangol et al. (1988) confirmed the presence of Digitaria spp., Amaranthus viridis L., Eleusine indica L. Gaertn., and Cynodon dactylon L. Pers. Later on Masiunas (1989) identified the weed species found in chili as Digitaria spp., Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx., Eleusine indica L Gaertn., Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus spp. and Portulaca oleracea L. Lankroo et al. (1990) reported similar weed flora in chili.
Summary of Chapters
I INTRODUCTION: Provides an overview of the importance of chili as a crop, discusses production constraints like weeds, and outlines the research objectives.
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE: Examines previous studies on weed flora, the impact of weed competition on crop growth, various control methods, phytotoxicity, and economic analysis.
III MATERIALS AND METHODS: Details the experimental site, climate, soil properties, design of the experiment, and the specific treatments used for weed management.
IV EXPERIMENTAL FINDINGS: Presents the results of weed dynamics, growth parameters, yield components, biochemical attributes, and economic evaluations.
V DISCUSSION: Interprets the experimental results in the context of weather conditions, crop growth characteristics, and economic return.
VI SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: Summarizes the key findings and concludes that integrated weed management with metribuzin and mechanical hoeing is the most effective approach.
Keywords
Chili, Capsicum annuum, Weed management, Integrated weed management, Herbicide, Metribuzin, Quizalofop-p-ethyl, Weed density, Crop yield, Ascorbic acid, Capsaicin, Economics, Benefit-cost ratio, Agriculture, Assam.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research study?
The study focuses on evaluating the impact of various integrated weed management practices on the growth, yield, and quality of chili plants grown after the winter rice season.
What are the primary thematic fields covered?
Key themes include weed population dynamics, the efficacy of chemical herbicides versus mechanical weeding, biochemical fruit quality assessment, and the economic feasibility of different weed control regimes.
What is the main objective of the thesis?
The objective is to identify an effective weed management strategy to reduce competition in the chili crop, thereby maximizing yield and economic return for farmers in the Assam region.
Which scientific methodology was utilized?
The research employed a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with ten different weed management treatments across three replications to analyze data on growth, yield, and soil nutrient status.
What topics are addressed in the main body of the work?
The work covers geographical and meteorological conditions, weed flora identification, detailed application schedules of herbicides, harvesting procedures, and comprehensive statistical analysis of the findings.
Which keywords best characterize this work?
Keywords include chili, integrated weed management, metribuzin, capsaicin, ascorbic acid, weed density, and benefit-cost ratio.
How did metribuzin treatment affect the capsaicin content of the chili?
The study found that the capsaicin content was significantly higher in plots treated with metribuzin, suggesting that the favorable weed-free environment and associated soil conditions contribute to improved biochemical quality.
Why is the "weedy check" condition used in the experiment?
The weedy check serves as a control group to measure the extent of yield loss caused by uncontrolled weed infestation, allowing researchers to quantify the effectiveness of the various treatment interventions.
What role does the local variety 'khorika jolokia' play in the study?
It is the specific chili variety chosen for the experiment because of its popularity in Assam and its known cultivation requirements within the local medium land conditions.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Bonti Gogoi (Autor:in), 2013, Integrated Weed Management in Chili under Rice fallow Situation, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/350451
