Artocarpus heterophyllus belong to the Moraceae family and are abundant in Western Ghats. The fruit provide two MJ per kg/wet weight of ripe perianth and contain high levels of carbohydrates, protein, starch, calcium and vitamins. Jackfruit has diverse medicinal uses especially for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-cancer and anti-fungal activity.
MatK (maturase K) genes are fast evolving, highly variant regions of plant chloroplast DNA that can serve as potential biomarkers for DNA coding and also in generating primers for plants with identification of unique motif regions. Advances in the genetic markers such as RFLP and PCR based methods are more reliable for identification of genetic diversity than morphological markers, although each technique has advantages and limitations.
The objective of this research work was to estimate the level of genetic diversity and to assess genetic relationships among six varieties of jackfruit using ‘matK gene’ based on PCR technique and RFLP markers. The partial sequence of the ‘matK’ gene of six different Artocarpus varities was used in the analysis. The size of amplified products was approximately 700 bp. After sequencing and sequence editing, sequence information on a 674 bp region was finally obtained for analysis.
The alignment of sequences revealed two haplotypes out of 674 sites. The nucleotide frequencies are 30.00% (A), 37.69% (T/U), 17.93% (C), and 14.39% (G). Being one of the underutilized fruits in India, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. has promising leads to further scientific researches and livelihood strategies. The study of matK gene using PCR and RFLP seems to a promising tool in establishing genetic diversity among jackfruit varities. The tree, indigenous to the Western Ghats, is an important source of nutritious food during summer season. Encouragements should be made to the marketing as well as value added food products from this underutilized fruit tree.
Table of Contents
Studies on genetic relationships among six varieties of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) in Kerala employing matK gene using PCR technique and RFLP markers
Abstract
1. Introduction
1.1 Taxonomical classification
2. Review of literature
3. Hypothesis
4. Materials and Methods
4.1 Study area
4.2 Sample collection
4.3 Isolation of DNA
4.4 Quantification of DNA
4.5 PCR amplification
4.6 Data sequencing
4.7 Data analysis
4.8 Data collection
4.9 Proximate analysis
4.10 Statistical analysis
5. Results and discussion
5.1 Estimation of Dry matter & moisture content
5.2 Estimation of crude protein
5.3 Estimation of crude fat
5.4 Estimation of crude ash
5.5 Estimation of crude fibre
5.6 DNA isolation
5.7 Polymerase chain reaction
5.8 Molecular phylogentic analysis using ‘matK’ gene
5.9 Restriction fragment length polymorphism
5.10 Polymorphic sites
5.11 Analysis
6. Conclusions
Research Objectives and Focus
The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the level of genetic diversity and assess the phylogenetic relationships among six distinct varieties of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) in Kerala, utilizing the matK gene through PCR techniques and RFLP markers.
- Analysis of genetic diversity in jackfruit cultivars.
- Application of matK gene as a molecular biomarker for DNA barcoding.
- Proximate nutritional and biochemical characterization of different jackfruit parts.
- Comparison of morphological variations with genetic molecular data.
- Evaluation of RFLP and PCR-based markers for species identification.
Excerpt from the Book
1. Introduction
Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) belongs to the family Moraceae which is the largest tree-borne fruit in the world. Jackfruit is grown mainly in Bangladesh, India, in many parts of Southeast Asia, in the evergreen forest zone of West Africa, Brazil, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, China, the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia and Sri Lanka (Thaman and Ali. 1993; Jagadeesh et al., 2007a; Baliga et al., 2011; Jagadeesh et al., 2007b; Prakash et al., 2009; Wangchu et al., 2013). It is a medium sized tree that bears high yields of largest known edible fruit and typically reaching 8-25 m in height and up to 50 kg in weight, producing heavier yields, up to 700 fruits per year (Jagadeesh et al., 2007a; Baliga et al., 2011; Saxena et al., 2009; Hameed, 2009; Swami et al., 2012; Selvaraj and Pal, 1989).
Jackfruit is one of the most popular tropical fruits grown in India. It seeds make up around 10 to 15% of the total fruit weight and have high carbohydrate and protein contents, dietary fibre, vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients (Baliga et al., 2011; Prakash et al., 2009). The leaves and fruit waste provide valuable fodder for cattle, pigs and goats. Many parts of the plant includeing the bark, leaves, and fruit are attributed with medicinal properties (Baliga et al., 2011; Haq, 2006; Prakash et al., 2009; (Jagadeesh et al., 2007a; Saxena et al., 2009; Hameed, 2009; Swami et al., 2012; Selvaraj and Pal, 1989).
Summary of Chapters
1. Introduction: Provides an overview of the significance, distribution, and nutritional value of Artocarpus heterophyllus, alongside an introduction to molecular markers.
2. Review of literature: Summarizes previous studies regarding morphological classification, nutritional composition, and existing molecular marker techniques applied to jackfruit.
3. Hypothesis: Outlines the research premise that morphological variability reflects genetic diversity and that matK gene analysis can effectively categorize these varieties.
4. Materials and Methods: Details the collection of leaf samples in Kerala, DNA isolation protocols, PCR amplification procedures, and the analytical frameworks for nutritional and genetic studies.
5. Results and discussion: Presents the findings regarding dry matter, protein, fat, ash, and fibre content, as well as the phylogenetic analysis derived from matK gene sequencing.
6. Conclusions: Synthesizes the final research outcomes, affirming the validity of molecular tools in establishing diversity and recommending further utilization of jackfruit products.
Keywords
Anti-oxidant, matK, Jackalin, PCR, RFLP, Underutilized fruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Genetic diversity, Molecular markers, Chloroplast DNA, Nutritional analysis, Phylogenetic reconstruction, Kerala, Plant genomics, Germplasm.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this publication?
The publication investigates the genetic diversity and relationships among six specific jackfruit varieties found in Kerala, using molecular biology techniques like PCR and RFLP.
What are the primary research themes?
The study centers on genetic characterization through chloroplast DNA analysis, morphological evaluation, and the proximate nutritional composition of various plant parts (flake, seed, leaf, skin).
What is the main research goal?
The primary goal is to assess genetic divergence using the matK gene and to determine if morphological differences between varieties correlate with genetic molecular data.
Which scientific methodology is utilized?
The research employs DNA isolation (CTAB method), PCR amplification of the matK gene, RFLP markers for genetic distinction, and spectrophotometric analysis for nutritional assessment.
What topics are discussed in the main body?
The main body covers the geographical and biological characteristics of the samples, detailed biochemical extraction protocols, DNA sequencing results, and phylogenetic tree construction.
Which keywords best describe this study?
Key terms include matK gene, RFLP, PCR, genetic diversity, underutilized fruits, Artocarpus heterophyllus, and nutritional composition.
Why is the matK gene used in this study?
The matK gene is used because it is a fast-evolving chloroplast DNA region that serves as an effective potential biomarker for DNA barcoding and phylogenetic analysis in plants.
How were the different jackfruit varieties selected?
Varieties were selected based on an extensive baseline survey conducted across Kerala between February and March 2015, incorporating local traditional knowledge.
What does the phylogenetic analysis reveal?
The sequence analysis, spanning 674 bp, revealed two distinct haplotypes, providing insights into the genetic clustering of the six jackfruit varieties.
What practical application does this research have?
The findings help establish better conservation strategies for underutilized fruit germplasm and support the development of value-added products derived from these jackfruit varieties.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Dr. Prem Jose Vazhacharickal (Autor:in), Sajeshkumar N.K. (Autor:in), Jiby John Mathew (Autor:in), Sophyiamol Jose (Autor:in), 2017, Studies on genetic relationships among six varieties of jackfruit in Kerala employing the "matK" gene using PCR technique and RFLP markers, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/351271
