An excitation effect that could be involved in the dark matter phenomenon

An excitation effect that could be involved in the dark matter phenomenon

Abstract. The dark matter phenomenon is known since 1933 and it correlates with the formation and the stability of galaxies and other large-scale structures. In the year 1933 Fritz Zwicky discovered a stabilization effect connected to the Coma cluster of galaxies [Zwicky, F. Helv. Phys. Acta 6, 110 – 127 (1933)]. The first interpretation of this stabilization effect leaded to the hypothesis of dark matter particles that could correlate with a gravitational effect and that could be involved in the stability of galaxies. Despite the fact that the stability of galaxies and galaxy clusters is known since more then 70 years, no consistent experimental data is presently known to support the hypothesis of dark matter particles. The assumed dark matter particles are presently not yet detected. The main experiment regarding dark matter particles of the year 2004, respectively the CDMS II experiment [D.S. Acerb et al., Phys. Rev. Let. 93, 211301 (2004)] could not confirm the existence of dark matter particles, respectively of WIMPs (weakly interacting massive particles).

Following an alternative interpretation of the stabilization effect performed by galaxies and other large-scale structures connected to a boson field, a special excitation effect was found. This special excitation effect occurs without any presently known form of excitation and it is detectable in connection with different kind of material samples inside the cavity of a black body during laboratory experiments as well as during experiments performed outdoors in free nature. This excitation effect is followed by a regular pattern of emission in the spectral range of 160 – 630 nm at 273 – 300 K. The regular pattern of emission is uninterrupted detectable for at least 7 days in connection with samples made of granite and granodiorite.

1. Introduction

The dark matter phenomenon correlates with the formation and the stability of large-scale structures like galaxies. Independent and probably the most compelling evidence for the dark matter phenomenon comes from observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Its discovery in 1965 by Penzias and Wilson [1] established modern cosmology. Recently the NASA Wilkinson Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) has provided high-resolution maps of the CMB [2,3].

The latest CMB data are indicating that the universe possesses a density ΩDM of 0.23 that correlates with the dark matter phenomenon and a density WM of 0.04 that correlates with ordinary baryonic matter. Presently it seems that the Universe is made up as follows: 23 % correlating with the dark matter phenomenon, 4 % correlating with ordinary baryonic matter and 73 % correlating with the dark energy phenomenon.

In the year 1992 the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite measured slight fluctuations in the CMB at a level of one part in 100,000 [4]. This CMB anisotropy had been apparently involved in the formation of large-scale structures, respectively had been apparently the seeds for the gravitational clustering of baryonic matter.

This small variations in the temperature of the CMB detected by the COBE satellite, as shown in Fig. 1, are indicating a structuring effect connected with the dark matter phenomenon. The dark matter phenomenon correlates apparently with at least two different effects on baryonic matter, the well known stabilization effect on galaxies and on other large-scale structures and the formation effect for cosmic structures.

High-resolution observation of the CMB fluctuations provided in the last decade detailed information for cosmological models and theoretical concepts are now emerging for the formation of cosmic structure and for the evolution of the Universe. The crucial ingredients of this theories are the dark matter phenomenon and dark energy phenomenon.

2. An alternative theoretic concept of the dark matter phenomenon

2.1. An overview on the dark matter phenomenon

Presently two different theories are connected with the dark matter phenomenon.

One of this theories is based on the cold dark matter concept (CDM). This theory assumes the existence of weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPS, with a mass of about 100 to 1,000 times the mass of a proton, that would be involved in the dark matter phenomenon and that would lead to a gravitational effect. In a Universe dominated by cold dark matter, respectively by WIMPS, the large – scale structure formation would have started with the forming of galaxies. Galaxies clustered then into larger structures, respectively in galaxy clusters and superclusters. Most of cold dark matter would thereby be concentrated in the great voids, outside of galaxy superclusters and strings. This scenario of formation of cosmic structures is known as a “bottom – up” structure formation scenario.

The second theory is based on the hot dark matter concept (HDM). This concept assumes that neutrinos are involved in the dark matter phenomenon. The gravitational pull of the neutrinos may have pulled in surrounding matter, leading first to the formation of galaxy clusters and superclusters, and later to the formation of galaxies as the larger structures fragmented in smaller structures. This is known as a “top – down” structure formation scenario.

A challenge for physicists consists presently in the detection of cold dark matter in laboratory experiments. Several experiments had been already performed such as DAMA [5] and CDMS I [6,7]. Scintillation in crystals, or ionization in germanium or silicon detectors, as signatures of cold dark matter, respectively of WIMPs, are presently under research in laboratory experiments.

However, during the most important experiment regarding the detection of WIMPs carried out in the year 2004, respectively the CDMS II - experiment [8] no WIMP-signal could be found. Previous findings reported by the CDMS I experiment and by the DAMA experiment could not be reproduced by this recent CDMS II experiment, that possesses the highest presently available sensitivity for cold dark matter particles , respectively for WIMPs.

Presently the theory of cold dark matter (CDM) is verified in laboratories, as indicated above. An alternative theoretical concept of the dark matter phenomenon is possible and could eventual lead also to experimental findings connected to this phenomenon.

The first reason that leaded to the alternative theoretic concept of the dark matter phenomenon described below, is the fact that according to the latest CMB data, presently just about 4 % of the volume of the evaluated energetic relations in the Universe is understood, respectively correlates with ordinary baryonic matter and with the four interactions, that are acting between the particles of ordinary baryonic matter. Just about 4 % of the volume of energetic relations in the Universe are presently covered by reliable theoretic concepts that are supported by experiments.

The main part of about 96 % of the volume of energetic relations in the Universe has been just evaluated by the observed effects on baryonic matter and on space and consists of phenomena, that are described as dark matter and dark energy. This phenomena are not yet really understood, respectively are not yet covered by consistent theories and eventual accessible experiments. The CDM theory regarding the dark matter phenomenon is just supported by scenarios and simulations, but is not supported by consistent experimental data that is required for a consistent theory. Since the basic cause that stays behind about 96 % of the volume of energetic relations in the Universe is not yet really understood, respectively is presently unknown, it cannot be excluded that other boson particles that are not yet covered by theory and supporting experiments could exist in the Universe and could be involved in the dark matter phenomenon.

Since Zwicky’s observations in 1933 regarding the stability of galaxies and galaxy clusters [9], no experimental evidence had been found for the hypothesis, that the stabilization effect observed in connection with galaxies, galaxy clusters and other large-scale structures could be exclusively connected to a baryonic or a non-baryonic form of matter, like for example to WIMPs and to MACHOs (massive compact halo objects). However, for the case that WIMPs, that had not yet been found in laboratory experiments, will be once detected beyond any doubt, the theory of cold non-baryonic dark matter is not excluding other possible theoretic concepts for the dark matter phenomenon.

According to the latest CMB-data, the dark matter phenomenon correlates with a volume of 23 % of the mass, respectively of the energy of the Universe. This volume is consequently approx. 500 % higher then the volume of all known forms of baryonic matter and the volume of all forms of the presently described interactions, that are acting between the particles of baryonic matter, put together. It is not very likely that WIMPs and MACHOs could be exclusively involved in the observed enormous volume of missing mass, respectively missing energy in the Universe, that is connected with the dark matter phenomenon.

The phenomenon of dark matter is a complex phenomenon that is involved in the formation and in the stability of large-scale structures on astronomic scales. The theory of cold dark matter (CDM) is thereby just a theoretic concept of a non-baryonic form of matter, that could be eventual involved in the formation and in the stability of large-scale structures and that could lead to a gravitational effect. The theory of cold dark matter is presently just supported by scenarios and simulations but is not supported by consistent experimental data, that is imperious necessary for a consistent theory. The basic phenomenon that is involved in the formation and in the stability of large-scale structures is therefore just possibly but not necessary, or exclusively connected to the CDM concept.

The formation and the stability of galaxies and other large-scale structures could be basically also the result of an boson field, respectively of an energy form. This could be the second possible cause of the dark matter phenomenon. Both concepts, respectively a matter concept (CDM) as well as an boson field concept are possible and therefore both concepts have to be considered equally at the present state of knowledge regarding the dark matter phenomenon. Both concepts, respectively a matter concept (CDM), or a boson field concept could lead to experimental findings connected to the dark matter phenomenon.

Secondly, recent findings with the Hubble Space Telescope [10,11,12,13], with the Gemini Deep Deep Survey (GDDS) [14, 15], with the ISAAC / VLT spectroscopic survey [16], with the Blanco Telescope in Chile [17], with the Chandra X-ray Observatory [18] and with the VLT at the ESO in Chile [19] in the redshift region are indicating the presence of large-scale structures in the very early Universe. This large-scale structures had been found in the very early Universe, at a time when the universe was younger then 4.5 billions yrs (redshift 1.2 to 10.0).

The findings of the GDDS-team [15] and the findings at the VLT at ESO in Chile [19] are indicating massive galaxies at a redshift of 1.5 to 1.9. The findings of the GDDS-team [14] and the findings with the Chandra X-ray Observatory [18] are indicating that some of the galactic structures are not only very large and massive, but some of the founded elliptical galaxies are fully formed and their spectra contained a lot of heavy elements and high metallicity, in the quite same way as the mature Milky Way does now.

The recent findings with the Hubble Space Telescope [10] and with the 4 m – Blanco Telescope in Chile [17] are indicating a large-scale structure of 300 million light-years length at a distance of 10.8 billion yrs. The findings of the ISAAC / VLT spectroscopic survey [16] are indicating galaxies at a redshift of 10.0, at a distance of 13.2 billion yrs. This is extremely near to the Big Bang singularity, estimated at 13.7 billion yrs since now.

The age of the oldest globular clusters, containing up to a few million stars, is according to recent observations and evaluations about 13.4 to 13.5 billion yrs [20]. This age of the globular clusters, that correlates to a redshift of 17.0, is also extremely near to the Big Bang singularity.

This new findings regarding large galaxy clusters and filaments in the very early Universe presented above and the recent observations regarding globular clusters are apparently inconsistent with the predictions of the hierarchical structure formation theory and of the respective simulations [21, 22, 23] based on the theoretic concept of cold dark matter (CDM) and on the “bottom up” structure formation scenario of cold dark matter. Some of the globular clusters and galaxies are too old and some large-scale structures are too large and too mature for this very early Universe, if cold dark matter alone would be involved in the formation of this large-scale structures. The “bottom – up” scenario of cold dark matter is apparently not consistent with the recent findings regarding large-scale structures in the early Universe.

Thirdly, the theoretic concept described below could eventual provide once a link towards the dark energy phenomenon, that is apparently acting on the three – dimensional space, respectively that is expanding the three – dimensional space in the Universe. According to the latest CMB-data, the dark energy forms about 73 % of the Universe. It is not very likely, that the CDM concept could once provide a link towards the dark energy phenomenon.

2.2. An alternative theoretic concept of the dark matter phenomenon based on an boson field

An alternative theoretic concept of the dark matter phenomenon is possible. This alternative theoretic concept could eventual fit better the recent observational data regarding large-scale structures in the early Universe [10 - 20] and could eventual lead to experimental findings connected to the dark matter phenomenon. This alternative theoretic concept of the dark matter phenomenon could eventual provide simulations in which the forming of globular clusters, galaxies, galaxy cluster and filaments could better fit the recent findings regarding globular clusters and large-scale structures in the very early Universe.

The four known interactions, gravity, electromagnetism, the strong and the weak force are all acting between particles of baryonic matter. The particles of baryonic matter and the four interactions that are acting between the particles of baryonic matter are correlating with about 4% of the volume of the evaluated energetic relations in the Universe. From this 4% of the volume of presently known energetic relations in the Universe, no responsible deduction can be made regarding the 96% of the volume of energetic relations in the Universe, that are presently unknown, respectively that are not yet covered by theory and consistent experiments. Since the main part of the volume of energetic relations in the Universe is presently not covered by theory supported with consistent experiments and observational data, it cannot be excluded, that other kind of boson fields exist in the Universe, that are correlating with a complete different boson field concept, compared with the boson field concepts of the four interactions that are acting between particles of baryonic matter.

It is assumed that the dark matter phenomenon is, at least to a great extend, connected to a boson field and is not primarily connected to particles of baryonic or non-baryonic matter. It is assumed, that this boson field would act on the ordinary baryonic matter, that forms about 4 % of the Universe. In a quite similar way as the dark energy is apparently acting on space and is expanding the three-dimensional space, this boson field would be acting on the baryonic matter in the Universe.

This boson field would consequently act on particles, rather then between particles, belonging to the ordinary baryonic matter. This way of acting would delimitate this boson field, from the four interactions, that are all acting between particles of baryonic matter. In a similar way as heat, light, electricity or magnetism are apparently complete different effects, that had been just step-by-step linked together to the electromagnetic force, presently apparently complete different effects, like the stability effect, or the structuring effect of large-scale structures could be two different effects of a boson field that acts on baryonic matter.

The first constraint of a theory of dark matter based on a boson field that acts on baryonic matter consist in finding of a special effect that correlates with a boson field. This effect has to be performed exclusively by a boson field and would have to possess certain new features and properties. Such an effect would have to be consistent with the basic theoretic concept of an boson field that acts on baryonic matter.

The second constraint of an alternative concept of the dark matter phenomenon based on an boson field would consist in the content of such a theoretic concept. The theoretic concept of a boson field that acts on baryonic matter has to provide a possible link to the dark matter phenomenon, so that further research work in the conceptual framework of such a model could lead to findings connected with the dark matter phenomenon.

A basic theoretic concept of a boson field that acts on baryonic matter and that correlates with the dark matter phenomenon would be as follow :

It is assumed, that in a similar way as the gravitational field acts as a vector field between masses of ordinary baryonic matter on astronomic scales, a further vector field would be connected to the baryonic matter, that would act basically on baryonic matter. In a quite similar way, as the effects of the gravitational fields can be well observed on astronomic scales, the effects of the eventual existing vector field, that acts on baryonic matter, could be observed on astronomic scales.

It is assumed, that this eventual existing vector field that acts on baryonic matter, would act from a quite homogeneous energetic structure on the baryonic matter of a large-scale structure, like a galaxy. It is assumed, that the baryonic structure of a galaxy would possess, respectively is connected to an energetic background matrix with the properties of a background boson field, that acts on the baryonic structure of the respective galaxy. According to this theoretic concept, a galaxy could be described as being embedded in a background boson field, that could be described as a form field or a matrix field of the respective galaxy.

The form field of a galaxy would be a three - dimensional boson field with a complex shape, respectively with absolutely the same form, shape and dimensions, as the baryonic structure of the corresponding galaxy, as shown in Fig. 2 and 3. This complex shaped form field of a galaxy would be a three-dimensional boson field that acts in the background of the four interactions, that are all acting between particles of baryonic matter inside the respective galaxy. The form fields on astronomic scales would possess a hierarchic structure, that correlates with the hierarchic structure of galaxies, galaxy clusters, galaxy superclusters and filaments.

It is further assumed, that the form field of a galaxy would be maintained within an three – dimensional oscillating network, respectively within a network of oscillating energetic structures made of the particles of the form field of the galaxy. This oscillating network would primarily consist of straight structures, that would form a complex three – dimensional network, as shown in Fig. 2 in connection with a spiral galaxy.

The form field of a galaxy would be not a static or rigid structure, but would rather be a complex dynamic structure, that performs a dynamic motion due to certain special properties of the particles of the form fields. The oscillating network of the form fields would be able to evolve, to change dimensions, to produce ramifications and to perform complex three - dimensional motion.

According to this theoretic concept it is further assumed, that the form field of a galaxy would possess a considerable number of resonance and force field amplification structures. This resonance and force field amplification structures can be described as force field amplification knots in the three – dimensional oscillating network of the form field of a given galaxy and would primarily correlate with the intersection points of the straight structures of the oscillating network of the form fields, as shown in Fig. 2.

It is assumed, that the force field amplification knots would possess the property of emitting the particles of the form field into space. This would occur in a quite similar way, as an emitting antenna is emitting photons into space. The force field amplification knots would possess different energetic levels and would primarily correlate with the energy emitting structures known as stars and quasars.

The force field amplification knots in the three – dimensional oscillating network of the form field of a galaxy would be involved in the star formation process and would correlate in the three – dimensional space with stars, respectively would be connected to stars, as shown in Fig. 3. Stars would emit, together with the electromagnetic radiation, the particles of the form fields into space.

According to this theoretic concept, the Milky Way can be described as possessing, or being linked to a background boson field with a set of energetic structures, respectively with an energetic network, that would maintain this background boson field of the Milky Way. This background boson field of the Milky Way, respectively the form field of the Milky Way with about 30 kpc in diameter, would act as a vector field on the baryonic structure of the Milky Way in a similar way as shown in Fig. 3 in connection with the galaxy NGC 253. This vector field can be described as being rotated by 90° against the four interactions, that are all acting between particles of baryonic matter in the Milky Way.

To describe this vector field, it is important to imagine the three – dimensional structure of the Milky Way with the baryonic matter and the four interactions, that are all acting between particles of baryonic matter inside the Milky Way, as one structure. The three – dimensional form field of the Milky Way would act perpendicularly on the three – dimensional baryonic structure of the Milky Way, respectively the vector field of the form field of the Milky Way would be rotated by 90° against the four interactions, that are all acting between the particles of baryonic matter in the Milky Way, as shown in Fig. 3 in connection with the galaxy NGC 253.

The form field of the Milky Way would possess a different oscillating pattern, compared with the oscillating pattern of fermions (matter particles) and of bosons (force particles of the four interactions) correlating with the baryonic structure of the Milky Way. This different oscillating pattern of the boson particles of the form field of the Milky Way would enable the coexistence of both structures in the same three – dimensional space.

According to this theoretic concept, it is assumed that the form field of the Milky Way possesses the absolute same form, shape and dimensions as the Milky Way with about 30 kpc in diameter. The form field of the Milky Way and the corresponding baryonic structure of the Milky Way would act together as one functional structure. No presently available research device or instrument would be able to indicate the existence of the boson particles of the form field of the Milky Way. Presently just the baryonic structure and the electromagnetic radiation of the Milky Way would be detectable by astronomical research devices, due to the different oscillating pattern of the particles of the form fields, that would be incompatible with a direct detection of this particles by present available research devices.

The three – dimensional form field and the three – dimensional baryonic form of the Milky Way would be interwoven, melted and fused together to one three – dimensional hyperstructure, as presented in Fig. 3 in connection with the galaxy NGC 253. The hyperstructure of the Milky Way would consist of a three - dimensional form field, respectively a background boson field and of a corresponding three - dimensional baryonic form, respectively a baryonic structure with the four interactions that are acting between the particles of baryonic matter. Both three – dimensional structures would be extremely interwoven, respectively would be completely and absolutely melted and fused together and would act in the same three - dimensional space as one structure. Just very few phenomena, like the formation and stabilisation of large-scale structures, associated with the dark matter phenomenon and eventual a special excitation effect, would be able to indicate the existence of such kind of hyperstructures on astronomic scales, as presented in Fig. 3, consisting of a form field and of a corresponding baryonic form.

According to this theoretic concept, the form field of the Milky Way can be described, as being inside, as well as being behind the baryonic structure of the Milky Way. Astrophysical instruments and present available research devices in particle and nuclear physics would be just able to detect the foreground structure, respectively the baryonic structure and the boson fields that are acting between the particles of baryonic matter in the Milky Way. The background structure, respectively the form field of the Milky Way, would be presently not detectable due to certain oscillating properties of the boson particles of the form field of the Milky Way.

This dual - complementary hyperstructure of the Milky Way consisting of a background form field and a foreground baryonic form would act together as one functional structure in the same three – dimensional space. Some of presently observed phenomena, like the dark matter phenomenon, could be eventual better described in the framework of such hyperstructures on astronomic scales, consisting of form field and corresponding baryonic form, as shown in Fig. 3.

In Fig. 3 the assumed hyperstructure of a galaxy, consisting of a form field and of the corresponding baryonic form is presented splitted in the both different structures, pointing out the direction of the vector field and the main energetic structures of the form field of a galaxy. The two different structures can be considered as fused and melted together in the same three – dimensional space to a unified functional hyperstructure, that possesses the properties of both different structures. The melting process of both structures to a hyperstructure would have no impact on the basic properties of both different structures. The two different structures would be just extremely interwoven in the same three - dimensional space and would maintain their own significant properties and specifications.

This hyperstructures on astronomic scales would exist up to the level of the Universe, as the largest hyperstructure. The inhomogenities in the CMB, as presented in Fig. 1, would correlate with one of the first observable effects of the ancient form field of the Universe on the plane of baryonic matter and on the plane of electromagnetic radiation during recombination at redshift z = 1000. The galaxies, galaxy clusters and filaments would be part of hyperstructures on different astronomic scales and dimensions, but will follow the same basic structural principle of a form field coupled with a corresponding baryonic form.

This dual – complementary hyperstructures on astronomic scales would correlate with five interactions. The therein contained large – scale baryonic structures would correlate with four interactions.

The basic theoretic concept presented above regarding the assumed form fields on astronomic scales, the main energetic structures of the form fields and the way of acting of the form fields on baryonic matter will be developed step by step, based on eventual findings connected to the form field of the Milky Way. During this first approach to the presented theoretic concept of the form fields on astronomic scales, the form fields are presented in this work graphically and by the assumed basic energetic properties and by the assumed basic way of acting on baryonic matter.

This basic presentation is sufficient for the verification of the presented boson field concept by systematic experiments and for gaining basic experimental data regarding this eventual existing boson field and regarding the eventual existing boson particles that are correlating with this boson field. Based on the experimental data connected to this assumed boson field, it will be made an attempt to develop mathematical models of the form fields on astronomic scales and of their way of acting on baryonic matter. As usual during the first step in the research of a boson field that possesses an infinite range, like gravity or electromagnetism, the first research step consists of a basic theoretic concept, in a set of assumptions and in the verification of an assumed effect performed by the verified boson field by experiments. This first research step is an essential step for providing a conceptual framework, that could lead to a suitable mathematical description.

According to the basic theoretic concept presented above, the form field of the Milky Way can be described as a boson field that acts on the baryonic matter of the Milky Way. The basic oscillating pattern of the particles of the form field of the Milky Way would be incompatible with a direct detection of this background boson field of the Milky Way with presently available scientific instruments in astrophysics, nuclear and particle physics. But this background boson field of the Milky Way could be eventual detected indirectly through its performed effects on the baryonic matter of the Milky Way, in a quite similar way as the gravitation can be detected just indirectly, by its effects on baryonic matter.

The first experimental step in the presented theoretic concept of the dark matter phenomenon based on a boson field would consequently consist in verifying the eventual existing form field of the Milky Way by experiments. The two main energetic structures of the form field of the Milky Way would be:

A. The force field of the form field of the Milky Way that acts as a background force field on baryonic matter and

B. The force field amplification knots in the oscillating network of the form field of the Milky Way, that are performing an radial emission of particles of the form field of the Milky Way into space.

3. The both experimental hypotheses of an excitation effect performed by a boson field eventual involved in the dark matter phenomenon

According to the basic theoretic concept presented above, an eventual existing boson field that acts on the baryonic matter of the Milky Way, respectively the form field of the Milky Way, could well possess certain effects on the baryonic matter of the Milky Way. One of this not yet described effects of this eventual existing boson field could be an excitation effect on matter.

An excitation effect performed by the form field of the Milky Way could occur in a quite comparable way as the excitation effect performed by the electromagnetic force. This excitation effect could enable the detection of this background boson field of the Milky Way and could provide an indirect evidence for the particles of this boson field.

At room temperature baryonic matter is emitting exclusively thermal radiation in the IR spectral range with a peak wavelength of 9658 nm (9.658 µm) at 300 K, as long as baryonic matter is not in an excited state induced by the well known excitation processes. Matter can be basically turned into an excited state by any kind of boson fields, that are strong enough and that correlate with an infinite range. Presently, just the electromagnetic force is known to possess an infinite range and a relative strength far enough in order to perform an excitation effect on matter. The gravitational force also possesses an infinite range, but its relative strength is 1036 lower then the electromagnetic force, and therefore is far too low in order to perform an excitation effect on matter.

An eventual existing boson field that would act on the baryonic matter of the Milky Way, respectively the form field of the Milky Way, could be basically strong enough to perform an excitation effect on matter. Furthermore, such an boson field would possess a long distance range, respectively an infinite range that is required for the excitation effect on matter. Therefore it was made an attempt to verify the hypothesis, that a boson field that acts on the baryonic matter of the Milky Way could perform an excitation effect on matter.

The both experimental hypotheses, that were verified in the experiments described below are:

A. The force field of the form field of the Milky Way performs an excitation effect on baryonic matter, that can be detected by experiments on earth and

B. The sun, as a main sequence star on the HR Diagram, correlates with a force field amplification knot of the form field of the Milky Way. The radial emission of particles from this force field amplification knot can be detected by a special excitation effect on baryonic matter in experiments on earth.

In order to verify this two experimental hypotheses, an experimental assembly based on a light-tight enclosed cavity of a black body had been developed.

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