Increasing energy consumption in modern electronic systems has allowed energy harvesting materials to grow at a rapid pace. Environmental energy harvesting, in particular vibration based, have developed as a viable technique to supplement battery supplies.
This project develops a sustained operation to power an electric system. Piezoelectric materials allow to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. This can be done through solar, vibrations, heat, strain, etc. The energy can also be stored for later use. It is also varying the voltage and adjust the amplitude piezoelectric harvesting components and storage devices (such as batteries, super capacitors, etc.).
In this project, a low cost, reliable, environmentally friendly and portable solution is developed by using the piezoelectric method. Piezoelectric materials have many applications in real life, such as generating electrical energy from moving objects, trains, bicycles, etc. This technology is used in many applications , like monitoring, robotics, military.
Objectives of this paper are: to understand the how piezoelectric system works; to analyse the piezoelectric design of system & using device data sheets where necessary; to understand the real life applications; to understand the behaviour of the piezoelectric system on load; and to compare the results.
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
1. a Background of the project
1. b context and background
1. c importance
1. d example method to overcome problems
1.1 project objectives
1.2 overview of the project
1.2. a utilization of the direct piezoelectric effect.
1.2. b application oriented solutions.
1.2. c data monitoring.
1.2. d product monitoring.
1.3 outlining of energy harvesting.
2 Power harvesting theory
3 literature review
3.1. a solar
3.1. b fluid flow
3.1. c temperature difference
3.1.d radio frequency.
3.2 vibration
3.3 energy harvesting methods.
3.3.a electromagnetic transduction.
3.3.b electrostatic transduction.
3.3.c piezoelectric transduction.
3.4 vibration transduction.
3.4.a vibration sources
3.4.b importance of resonant frequency and mass
3.4.c push for MEMS energy harvesting
3.5 transduction mechanism
3.5.a piezoelectric generator.
3.5.b electro generator.
3.5.c electromagnetic generator.
3.6 piezoelectric harvesting system.
3.6.a fundamental concept.
3.6.b appendixes.
3.6.c semiconductor components.
3.6.d diodes and rectifiers.
3.7 direct current impedance matching.
3.7.a direct current impedance matching.
3.7.b DCIM circuit design and operation.
3.8 synchronous electric charge extraction circuit.
3.8.a circuit design and operation.
3.8.b max harvested power.
3.8.c brief advantages.
3.9 electrical circuits.
3.9.a depending on excitation frequency.
3.9.b power storage and circuitry.
3.9.c storage device.
3.9.d charge /discharge efficiency.
3.9.1 Model equivalent circuit.
3.9.1.a internal series resistance.
3.9.1.b leakage resistance.
3.9.1.c power loss efficiency.
3.9.2 Experimental validation.
4 design of the circuit.
4.a piezoelectric element.
4.b capacitor
4.c ac-dc rectifier circuit
4.1 dc-dc step up converter
4.1.a features.
4.1.b pin description.
4.2 project design.
4.3 experimental procedure.
5 implementation.
5.1 testing and results.
6 project management
6.1 project schedule.
6.2 risk management.
6.3 quality management.
7 circuit appraisal.
8 conclusion.
8.1 achievement.
8.2 recommendations for future work.
9 student reflections
Project Objective and Core Themes
The primary objective of this project is to develop a low-cost, reliable, and portable energy harvesting system using piezoelectric materials to convert mechanical vibrations into electrical energy for powering low-power wireless electronic systems.
- Design and optimization of piezoelectric energy harvesting circuits.
- Implementation of adaptive DC-DC converters for maximum power transfer.
- Evaluation of energy storage techniques using supercapacitors and batteries.
- Comparative analysis of different rectification and impedance matching methods.
- Investigation of practical applications in environmental and structural health monitoring.
Excerpt from the Book
1 Introduction
The concept of harvesting energy to power electronics devices is not a new idea, but it is got a lot of attention recently, research on harvesting technology is become large intensity compare than self-powered electronic devices, that intensity is being made in wireless innovation and low power gadgets devices, remote technology being created, and we have placed at any place. This technology used in many applications , like monitoring , robotics, military etc , however wireless technology is comprise their own energy supply which much of the time in the routine electromechanical battery, if a limit power supplies are discharged, the sensor battery has to be changed. That will become very expensive, these issues are easy to bear by using harvesting technology, and it can converts mechanical energy in to electrical energy, piezoelectric devices are ideal conversion devices for mechanical stress to electrical power without using any extra power. The piezoelectric block diagram is as shown in below figure.
Summary of Chapters
1 Introduction: Provides the context of energy harvesting, highlighting the shift from battery-powered sensors to self-powered wireless systems.
2 Power harvesting theory: Outlines the fundamental principles of mechanical energy conversion and the requirement for efficient power extraction.
3 literature review: Surveys various energy harvesting sources and existing transduction mechanisms, including electromagnetic, electrostatic, and piezoelectric methods.
4 design of the circuit: Details the hardware architecture of the proposed system, including the piezoelectric element selection, rectification, and the DC-DC boost converter.
5 implementation: Describes the physical setup and the practical considerations involved in building the adaptive controller board.
6 project management: Outlines the project timeline, risk assessment, and quality management approaches used during the research.
7 circuit appraisal: Evaluates the performance of the developed hardware and discusses the experimental findings against the initial objectives.
8 conclusion: Summarizes the achievements of the project and suggests future directions for vibrational energy harvesting.
9 student reflections: Reflects on the personal learning journey, covering software proficiency and technical skill development throughout the MSc project.
Keywords
Piezoelectric, Energy Harvesting, Vibration Transduction, DC-DC Converter, Impedance Matching, Wireless Sensor Nodes, Power Management, Supercapacitors, Self-powered Systems, Mechanical Energy, Electrical Circuits, Rectification, Power Extraction, Adaptive Control, MEMS.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core purpose of this research?
The research focuses on creating a reliable and low-cost piezoelectric energy harvesting system to replace traditional batteries in wireless sensor nodes by converting ambient mechanical vibrations into usable electricity.
Which energy sources are considered in this project?
While the study primarily focuses on mechanical vibrations, it also reviews other energy sources like solar, fluid flow, temperature differentials, and radio frequencies.
What is the primary research goal?
The main goal is to design an adaptive circuit that maximizes the power extracted from a piezoelectric generator, ensuring efficient energy conversion and storage.
What scientific methods are applied here?
The project employs electrical simulation (Multisim, MATLAB/Simulink), hardware prototyping, and experimental verification using oscilloscopes and impedance analyzers to validate the system's efficiency.
What does the main body of the work cover?
The main body details the theoretical background of piezoelectric materials, different transduction mechanisms, detailed circuit design (including rectifiers and boost converters), and experimental validation procedures.
Which keywords define this work?
The work is defined by terms such as Piezoelectric, Energy Harvesting, DC-DC Converter, Impedance Matching, and Power Management.
How does the system handle fluctuating input?
The system utilizes an adaptive DC-DC boost converter, which adjusts the load conditions to ensure maximum power transfer even when input vibrations vary.
Why are supercapacitors preferred over normal capacitors?
Supercapacitors are used because they offer higher charge storage capacity, allowing the system to hold power for longer durations compared to conventional capacitors.
What is the significance of the Schottky diode?
Schottky diodes are used in the rectifier circuit because of their lower forward voltage drop, which increases the overall power efficiency of the harvester.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Mahesh Edla (Autor:in), 2015, Development of an Adaptive Piezoelectric Harvesting System for Wireless Remote Power Supply, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/377985
