Malaria as a disease of the poorest in the world is on the global agenda. Many different groups take efforts in order to tackle malaria. Facing the fact that mainly children and pregnant women present the biggest problems it is difficult to maintain a logical way in order to improve the malaria situation. Therefore, organization and coordination of the efforts is an area of improvement. For example, various Public Private Partnerships have partly identical missions (e.g. GAVI and MVI), and there is good reason for combining their efforts and save administrative resources.
The first step in a logic chain should be to provide better diagnostic features for the correct detection of malaria with the consequence of an adequate treatment. Country surveillance programs need to be set up in order follow resistance patterns, treatment effects, demographic patterns etc. In parallel better therapeutic and preventive measures need to be developed in order to win the race against resistance of vectors as well as parasites.
All these efforts need to be planned, coordinated, managed and regulated. This requests one global coordinator with an “umbrella function” that defines rules for all partners involved and manages the cooperation. The umbrella function should sit within a non-profit organization with long-term experience in the field, in other words the UN and more precisely the WHO. Cooperating partners can be of very different origins like industry, governments, private and public foundations, NGOs, etc. Many of these organizations already exist, but their efforts are partly the same, some themes are left out the scope. Therefore, the general recommendation would be to better streamline existing initiatives, partly redefine their mission and vision and make optimal use of existing resources.
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- INTRODUCTION.
- HUMAN MALARIA
- Causative Parasites and their Life Cycle
- Clinical Signs and Symptoms...
- General Clinical Features
- Severe Falciparum Malaria
- Diagnosis.
- Laboratory Findings..
- HISTORY
- History of the Human Malaria Parasites
- Geographical Malaria History..
- History of Malaria Handling.
- EPIDEMIOLOGY.
- Malaria Transmission..
- Prevalence and Incidence..
- Endemicity...
- Stable Endemic Malaria
- Unstable and Epidemic Malaria
- Epidemic preparedness, prediction and prevention of epidemics
- Epidemiological information systems.
- Resistance Pattern.
- Travelers....
- MALARIA IN THE PEDIATRIC POPULATION AND PREGNANT WOMEN
- Pediatric Population...........
- Pregnant Women.
- MALARIA AS A DISEASE OF THE POOR.
- GLOBAL MALARIA CONTROL STRATEGIES
- PREVENTIVE MEASURES.
- History of the Global Malaria Control Strategies.
- General preventative Measures.
- Vector Control...
- Insecticide treated nets (ITNs).
- Insect repellents.
- Indoor Residual Spraying.
- Recommendations
- Chemo-Prophylaxis.
- Vaccination..
- Other Preventive Measures
- CURRENT TREATMENT APPROACHES
- Benefits and Liabilities of Existing Anti-Malarial Drugs.
- Combination Therapy.
- TREATMENT POLICIES AND PRACTICES.
- MALARIA PREVENTION AND TREATMENT IN PREGNANT WOMEN.
- GLOBAL PUBLIC INITIATIVES – PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS.
- WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)
- WHO Interactions with NGOs.
- WHO Essential Drugs
- WHO and the Private Sector / Public Private Partnerships (PPPs).
- SPECIAL PROGRAM FOR RESEARCH AND TRAINING IN TROPICAL DISEASES (TDR)
- MEDICINES FOR MALARIA VENTURE (MMV).
- ROLL BACK MALARIA (RBM)..
- GLOBAL ALLIANCE FOR VACCINES AND IMMUNIZATION (GAVI).
- PROGRAM FOR APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY IN HEALTH (PATH) AND MALARIA VACCINE INITIATIVE (MVI).
- WORLD BANK..
- BILL & MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION AS AN EXAMPLE FOR PRIVATE FOUNDATIONS
- DONATION-DISTRIBUTION PARTNERSHIPS.
- WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)
- HEALTH ECONOMY.
- MALARIA ASSOCIATED ECONOMIC MEASURES.
- COSTS OF ANTI-MALARIAL DRUGS
- FINANCING OF ANTI-MALARIAL DRUGS.
- REGULATORY AGENCIES' CONTRIBUTIONS
- Orphan Drugs..
- Pediatric Laws
- International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH).
- PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
- Overview on Development of New Drugs.
- Development of New Anti-malarial Drugs
- Glaxo Smith Kline (GSK).
- DISCUSSION.
- THE CHALLENGE OF MALARIA IN ENDEMIC COUNTRIES
- ROLE OF THE ENDEMIC COUNTRIES.
- PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS (PPPS).
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
This master's thesis aims to analyze the fight against malaria in malaria-endemic countries, examining the historical development of malaria control strategies, current treatment approaches, and the role of public-private partnerships.
- The historical context of malaria control strategies, including past efforts and their effectiveness.
- The challenges and complexities of malaria treatment, particularly in resource-limited settings.
- The significance of public-private partnerships in advancing malaria research and control programs.
- The economic and social impact of malaria on endemic countries, including healthcare costs and lost productivity.
- The role of regulatory agencies and pharmaceutical companies in the development and distribution of anti-malarial drugs.
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
The thesis begins with an introduction to human malaria, covering its causative parasites, clinical signs and symptoms, and diagnostic methods. It then explores the history of malaria, including its geographic distribution and historical efforts to control the disease.
Chapter 2 focuses on the epidemiology of malaria, examining transmission mechanisms, prevalence, incidence, and resistance patterns. It also discusses the particular challenges of malaria in pediatric populations and pregnant women.
Chapter 3 delves into global malaria control strategies, reviewing preventive measures such as vector control, insecticide-treated nets, and chemo-prophylaxis. It also discusses current treatment approaches, including the use of anti-malarial drugs and combination therapies.
Chapter 4 analyzes the role of public-private partnerships in the fight against malaria, highlighting the contributions of organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Chapter 5 examines the health economics of malaria, considering the costs of anti-malarial drugs, funding mechanisms, and the impact of malaria on economic development.
Chapter 6 explores the pharmaceutical industry's role in malaria control, focusing on the development of new anti-malarial drugs and the regulatory framework governing their production and distribution.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
This master's thesis explores the key concepts of malaria control, focusing on themes of disease epidemiology, drug development, public-private partnerships, and economic impact. Important keywords include: malaria, Plasmodium, anti-malarial drugs, insecticide-treated nets, vector control, WHO, TDR, MMV, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, public-private partnerships, health economics, orphan drugs, pharmaceutical industry, and endemic countries.
- PREVENTIVE MEASURES.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Petra Heyen (Autor:in), 2004, The fight against Malaria in Malaria-Endemic Countries, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/37928
