Nanoscience is the study of phenomena exhibited by materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular levels, of dimensions ranging from a few nanometres to less than a hundred nanometres. In chemistry, this size range has been associated with colloids, micelles, polymer molecules and similar structures. In physical and electrical engineering, nanoscience is often associated with quantum behaviour, and electron behaviour in nanoscale structures.
The area of research in the field of nanotechnology is as diverse as physics, chemistry, material science, microbiology, biochemistry and also molecular biology. The interface of nanotechnology in combination with biotechnology and biomedical engineering has emerged with the use of nanoscale structures in diagnosis, gene sequencing, and drug delivery. Nanoparticles have attracted great interest in recent years because of their unique chemical and physical properties, which are different from those of either the bulk materials or single atoms. Nanostructure materials have potential applications in ceramics, optoelectronics and catalysis.
Research on the synthesis of nanomaterials using metal complexes as precursors have been less reported. Application of metal complexes as precursors may be helpful to control the physical properties of metal nanoparticles. In the last few years, researchers have characterized the tunable properties by altering the nanostructure size, shape, and chemical composition and have developed reproducible strategies to make nanostructures of desired properties. It has been already proved that by controlling the size of the particle and manipulating surface structures of the semiconductor materials, the electronic, magnetic, mechanical, and chemical properties can be modified to suit a wide range of device application in many fields. The present book deals with the synthesis of Schiff base complexes of Cd(II), Zn(II) and Hg(II) with different sulphur containing ligand and preparation of metal sulphide nanoparticle by the thermal decomposition of complex precursor. During this academic journey four new sulphur containing ligands and their thirty complexes were synthesized. These ligands and complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods like UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D-NMR, FAB-MS / ESI-Ms spectra.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER-1: Introduction
Introduction
1.1. Schiff Base Complexes
1.2. Nanotechnology
1.3. Biological studies of Schiff base complexes and nanoparticles
1.4. Selection of ligand and Aim of the study
CHAPTER-2: Materials and methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Analytical methods and Physical Measurements
2.3. Biological studies
CHAPTER-3: Synthesis, Characterization and biological activity of 1-benzylidene/ 1,4-dibenzylidenethiosemicarbazide complexes of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II): New single source precursor in pyrolytic synthesis of metal sulphide nanoparticle
Introduction
3.1. Experimental
3.2. Results and Discussion
3.3. Antibacterial screening
CHAPTER- 4: Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of 1,4-bis((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)thiosemicarbazide complexes of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II): New single source precursor in metal sulphide nanoparticle synthesis
Introduction
4.1. Experimental
4.2. Results and Discussion
4.3. Antibacterial Screening
CHAPTER- 5: Synthesis, Characterization and biological Tetraethylthiuram disulphide complexes of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II): New single source precursor in pyrolytic synthesis of metal sulphide nanoparticle
Introduction
5.1. Experimental
5.2. Results and Discussion
5.3. Antibacterial Screening
Research Objectives and Themes
The research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of novel coordination compounds based on Schiff base ligands, specifically utilizing them as single-source precursors for the pyrolytic synthesis of metal sulphide nanoparticles. A primary objective is to investigate the biological activities of these complexes and nanoparticles, with an emphasis on evaluating their antibacterial efficacy against specific pathogenic bacteria.
- Synthesis of Schiff base ligand-metal complexes (Zn, Cd, Hg).
- Characterization of coordination compounds using spectroscopic (FT-IR, NMR, Mass) and analytical techniques.
- Development of single-source precursors for metal sulphide nanoparticle production via thermal decomposition.
- Assessment of antibacterial activity for ligands, complexes, and nanoparticles.
- Investigation of structure-activity relationships, focusing on chelation and lipophilicity.
Excerpt from the Book
1.2. Nanotechnology
Developments during the past decade in the scientific and engineering communities have resulted in a tremendous upsurge of interest in the properties of small particles in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The unit nanometre derives its prefix nano- from the Greek word meaning “dwarf”, therefore nanotechnology is the study of small structures and materials with structured features, in between those of atoms and bulk materials. Nanostructures are similar in size to many biological species, which comprise a variety of basic structures. To give a better idea of the length of a nanometre, the hydrogen atom is about 0.1 nm, while a virus may be approximately 100 nm and an erythrocyte 2500 nm in diameter, however, it is living cells that are the best examples of machinery that operate at the nanoscale, and currently there is no engineered mechanical, biological or chemical technology that matches the ability to perform at perfection levels seen in living cells.
Summary of Chapters
CHAPTER-1: Introduction: Provides an overview of coordination chemistry, the evolution of Schiff base complexes, fundamentals of nanotechnology, and the research objectives.
CHAPTER-2: Materials and methods: Details the materials used, experimental procedures, analytical instrumentation, and biological assay methods.
CHAPTER-3: Synthesis, Characterization and biological activity of 1-benzylidene/ 1,4-dibenzylidenethiosemicarbazide complexes of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II): New single source precursor in pyrolytic synthesis of metal sulphide nanoparticle: Presents the synthesis and characterization of specific thiosemicarbazide complexes and their application as precursors for sulphide nanoparticles, followed by antibacterial screening.
CHAPTER- 4: Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of 1,4-bis((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)thiosemicarbazide complexes of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II): New single source precursor in metal sulphide nanoparticle synthesis: Discusses the synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of pyrrole-based Schiff base complexes and their use in nanoparticle synthesis.
CHAPTER- 5: Synthesis, Characterization and biological Tetraethylthiuram disulphide complexes of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II): New single source precursor in pyrolytic synthesis of metal sulphide nanoparticle: Examines the synthesis, properties, and antibacterial potential of tetraethylthiuram disulphide-derived metal complexes and their derived nanoparticles.
Keywords
Schiff base, Coordination complexes, Nanotechnology, Metal sulphide nanoparticles, Thermal decomposition, Antibacterial activity, Thiosemicarbazide, Spectral characterization, Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Bioinorganic chemistry, Single-source precursor.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary focus of this research work?
The work focuses on the synthesis and characterization of various Schiff base metal complexes and their subsequent application as single-source precursors for producing metal sulphide nanoparticles, alongside evaluating their biological activities.
Which metal ions are primarily utilized in these coordination complexes?
The study primarily utilizes Zinc (Zn(II)), Cadmium (Cd(II)), and Mercury (Hg(II)) to form complexes with various Schiff base ligands.
What is the main objective regarding the nanoparticle synthesis?
The goal is to validate the use of these Schiff base metal complexes as single-source precursors in pyrolytic synthesis to yield stable, well-defined metal sulphide nanoparticles.
Which scientific methods are employed for characterization?
The research utilizes a range of analytical techniques including FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Mass Spectrometry (FAB-MS/ESI-MS), elemental analysis, XRD, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).
What aspect of biological activity is investigated?
The study specifically screens the synthesized ligands, metal complexes, and nanoparticles for their antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli.
How is the antibacterial efficacy explained theoretically?
The increased antibacterial activity is discussed in terms of 'Overtone’s concept' and 'Chelation theory,' which relate to the lipophilicity of the complexes and their ability to disrupt cell membranes.
Why are Schiff bases considered significant in this study?
Schiff bases are privileged ligands in coordination chemistry due to their structural variability, ability to stabilize metals in various oxidation states, and their pharmacological potential.
What specific precursors are used to produce ZnS, CdS, and HgS nanoparticles?
The work employs specific thiosemicarbazide and pyrrole-based complexes as single-source precursors for the controlled thermal decomposition into their respective metal sulphide nanoparticles.
- Quote paper
- Nidhi Rai (Author), Bashir Ahmad Malik (Author), 2018, Studies of Some Novel Coordination Compounds and their Application in Nanoparticle Synthesis, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/386560
