Medical imaging technology plays an important role of creating internal images of the human body for clinical or medical purposes. Historically, this technology was born in November 1895 when Wilhelm Roentgen discovered electromagnetic radiation (x-ray) (Levine, 2010). Medical imaging technique can be defined as a technique which each modality could provide unique details of the human body function. The discovery of x-ray was a motivation reason for others to improve various technologies in medical imaging over the past years such as computed tomography (CT), ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ultrasound is one of the medical imaging technologies that are known as sound waves with a frequency above 20 KHz that excess the human hearing range using non-ionizing radiation. Ultrasound is a diagnostic modality technique that has been in clinical use over the past 40 years when Theodore Dussik and his brother Friederich in 1940s attempted to diagnose brain tumours using ultrasound waves, although their incredible work achieved success in 1970s. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the minimum ultrasound transit time above noise (derived from the transit time spectrum) through cancellous bone may predict the velocity measurement. Therefore, deconvolution method has been used to predict ultrasound transit time through cancellous bone and then compare it to the reported transit time from clinical ultrasound bone densitometer (CUBA).
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- Introduction
- Overview
- Background
- The Nature of Ultrasound
- Production of Ultrasound
- Ultrasound Measurement Techniques
- Ultrasound Interactions with Tissue
- Attenuation
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
This study aims to evaluate the potential of ultrasound transit time spectroscopy (UTTS) as a predictor of bone velocity measurements. The research investigates the relationship between minimum ultrasound transit time above noise and velocity measurements in cancellous bone.
- Ultrasound as a medical imaging technology
- Ultrasound transit time spectroscopy (UTTS) and its application to bone assessment
- The relationship between UTTS and bone velocity measurements
- Deconvolution methods for predicting ultrasound transit time through cancellous bone
- Comparison of UTTS results to clinical ultrasound bone densitometer (CUBA) measurements
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
- Introduction: This chapter provides an overview of medical imaging technologies, focusing on ultrasound and its history and applications in clinical practice. It outlines the study's objective to investigate the potential of UTTS for predicting bone velocity measurements and introduces the deconvolution method used to estimate ultrasound transit time through cancellous bone.
- Overview: This chapter discusses the principles of ultrasound imaging, highlighting its safety and non-invasive nature. It explains the role of transducers in converting electrical energy into mechanical energy and back, and describes various techniques used to measure ultrasound waves, including pulse-echo and transmission techniques.
- Background: The Nature of Ultrasound: This chapter delves into the fundamental characteristics of ultrasound, including its definition as a sound wave with a frequency above 20 KHz. It explores the propagation of ultrasound waves through different media, including human tissue, and discusses the factors influencing the speed of sound, such as density and stiffness. The chapter also presents an illustration demonstrating the difference in ultrasound speed across various materials.
- Background: Production of Ultrasound: This section elaborates on the mechanism by which ultrasound waves are produced, highlighting the role of transducers and the piezoelectric effect. It describes the piezoelectric materials commonly used in medical imaging processes and provides a schematic illustration of a basic transducer setup.
- Background: Ultrasound Measurement Techniques: This chapter describes the two primary techniques for measuring ultrasound, pulse-eco technique and transmission technique. It explains the distinction between these techniques in terms of the number of transducers used and their applications in different contexts, particularly in bone assessments due to its high attenuation nature.
- Background: Ultrasound Interactions with Tissue: This chapter focuses on the interactions of ultrasound waves with tissue, emphasizing the significance of acoustic impedance properties in determining these interactions. It outlines various interactions, including attenuation, reflection, refraction, scattering, absorption, and interference. The chapter further explains the concept of attenuation, highlighting the factors contributing to the loss of ultrasound energy during propagation through tissues and the relationship between attenuation and frequency.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
The study focuses on key terms and concepts related to ultrasound imaging, bone assessment, and the analysis of cancellous bone. These include ultrasound transit time spectroscopy (UTTS), bone velocity measurement, deconvolution method, cancellous bone, osteoporosis, and clinical ultrasound bone densitometer (CUBA).
- Quote paper
- Patrick Kimuyu (Author), 2018, Comparison of Velocity and Ultrasound Transit Time Spectroscopy in Cancellous Bone Phantom, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/388407
