Following invasion of the human body by bacteria, most bacteria produce substances that are toxic to the human body. In the fight against these infections, the production of antibacterial substances (synthetic compounds of different forms) has been a major step in solving this problem. In this study, three medicated soaps: Dettol, Pharmapur and Tetmosol were investigated for their antibacterial activity at different concentrations against Staphylococcus aureus using the disc diffusion method. Saline was used as a negative control and a readymade antibiotic impregnated disc (Ciprofloxacin) was used as a positive control. Bacterial identification was by standard microbiological techniques which included: Colonial examination, Gram staining and biochemical testing. Dettol medicated soap had the highest antibacterial activity (26mm at 1/10 soap dilution) while Tetmosol showed the least antibacterial activity (6mm at 1/103 soap dilution). S. aureus was found on 4 of the 6 samples that were analysed giving a prevalence of 66.67%. All the medicated soaps showed antibacterial activity which depended on the concentration (dilution) of soap sample on S. aureus; hence, the use of antibacterial soaps is recommended as a means of reducing risks of transmission and infection by bacteria.
Table of Contents
- CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW
- 1.1 INTRODUCTION
- 1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW
- 1.2.1: The skin and the normal skin microbiota
- 1.2.2: Burden, prevalence and epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infections
- 1.2.3: Clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus Infections
- 1.2.4: Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to antibacterial agents
- 1.2.5: Prevention, control and treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections
- 1.2.6: Medical relevance of medicated (antibacterial) soap
- 1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
- 1.4 HYPOTHESIS
- 1.5 OBJECTIVES
- 1.5.1: General objectives
- 1.5.2: Specific objectives
- 1.6 LIMITATIONS OF STUDY
- CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND METHODS
- 2.1 MATERIALS
- 2.1.1: Materials and instruments
- 2.1.2: Preparation of 70% alcohol
- 2.1.3: Preparation of soap solutions
- 2.1.4: Preparation of soap impregnated discs
- 2.1.5: Preparation of McFarland standard
- 2.1.6: Media preparation
- 2.1.6.1: Preparation of Mannitol salt agar
- 2.1.6.2: Preparation of Muller Hinton agar
- 2.2 METHODS
- 2.2.1: Sample collection and isolation of microorganisms
- 2.2.2: Identification and confirmation of isolates
- 2.2.3: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing
- CHAPTER 3: RESULTS
- 3.1: Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus on skin of subjects
- 3.2: Antimicrobial patterns
- CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION
Objectives and Key Themes
This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of three medicated soaps (Dettol, Pharmapur, and Tetmosol) against Staphylococcus aureus. The research employed the disc diffusion method to assess antibacterial activity at varying concentrations. The study also determined the prevalence of S. aureus in a sample population.
- Antibacterial activity of medicated soaps
- Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus
- Effectiveness of different soap concentrations
- Comparison of antibacterial activity across different soaps
- Standard microbiological techniques for bacterial identification
Chapter Summaries
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW: This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of Staphylococcus aureus infections, including their prevalence, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and resistance to antibacterial agents. It establishes the medical relevance of medicated soaps in infection control and prevention. The chapter lays the groundwork for the study by detailing the existing literature on the skin microbiota, the burden of S. aureus infections, and the mechanisms of bacterial resistance. It concludes by clearly defining the research problem, hypothesis, and objectives of the study, along with the limitations it faces.
CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND METHODS: This chapter meticulously outlines the materials and procedures used in the study. This includes a detailed description of the preparation of soap solutions, the methodology for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (disc diffusion method), and the methods used for bacterial isolation, identification, and confirmation. The specific materials used, such as the types of agar, the positive and negative controls, and the preparation of the McFarland standard, are all explicitly explained, ensuring the reproducibility of the experiments. The chapter serves as a comprehensive guide to the experimental design and methodology ensuring transparency and scientific rigor.
CHAPTER 3: RESULTS: This chapter presents the findings of the study, focusing on the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in the sample population and the antimicrobial patterns exhibited by the three tested medicated soaps at various concentrations. Quantitative data on the zones of inhibition produced by each soap, in relation to the dilutions used, are presented and analyzed. The results section directly supports the study objectives by providing empirical data on the effectiveness of the medicated soaps against S. aureus. This provides quantitative evidence related to the hypothesis and allows for a basis for further discussion and interpretation in the subsequent chapter.
Keywords
Staphylococcus aureus, antibacterial activity, medicated soaps, disc diffusion method, prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, bacterial identification, infection control, Dettol, Pharmapur, Tetmosol.
Frequently Asked Questions: Antibacterial Activity of Medicated Soaps Against Staphylococcus Aureus
What is the main topic of this study?
This study investigates the antibacterial activity of three medicated soaps (Dettol, Pharmapur, and Tetmosol) against Staphylococcus aureus and determines the prevalence of S. aureus in a sample population.
What methods were used in this study?
The study employed the disc diffusion method to assess the antibacterial activity of the soaps at varying concentrations. Standard microbiological techniques were used for bacterial isolation, identification, and confirmation. The preparation of soap solutions, media (Mannitol salt agar and Muller Hinton agar), and McFarland standard are detailed in the methodology section.
What are the key findings of the study?
The results section presents data on the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus on the skin of the study subjects and the antimicrobial patterns exhibited by the three tested soaps at various concentrations. Quantitative data on zones of inhibition are analyzed to assess the effectiveness of each soap.
What are the key themes explored in this research?
Key themes include the antibacterial activity of medicated soaps, the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, the effectiveness of different soap concentrations, the comparison of antibacterial activity across different soaps, and the application of standard microbiological techniques for bacterial identification.
What is the structure of the research report?
The report is structured into four chapters: Chapter 1 (Introduction and Literature Review), Chapter 2 (Materials and Methods), Chapter 3 (Results), and Chapter 4 (Discussion). The introduction reviews existing literature on Staphylococcus aureus infections, medicated soaps, and relevant microbiological techniques. The methods section details the experimental procedures. The results section presents the findings, and the discussion interprets the results in relation to the existing literature and study objectives. A table of contents, objectives, key themes, chapter summaries, and keywords are also included.
What specific objectives did the study aim to achieve?
The study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of the three medicated soaps against Staphylococcus aureus, using the disc diffusion method. It also aimed to determine the prevalence of S. aureus in the study population.
What are the limitations of the study?
The limitations of the study are explicitly stated in Chapter 1.
What are the keywords associated with this research?
Keywords include Staphylococcus aureus, antibacterial activity, medicated soaps, disc diffusion method, prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, bacterial identification, infection control, Dettol, Pharmapur, and Tetmosol.
Where can I find more details about the materials and methods used?
Chapter 2 provides a detailed description of the materials used (including the preparation of soap solutions and media) and the methods employed in the study, including sample collection, bacterial isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
What types of soap were used in the study?
The study used three medicated soaps: Dettol, Pharmapur, and Tetmosol.
- Quote paper
- Chikaeze Akaolisa (Author), 2018, Investigation of the Antibacterial Activity of three types of medicated soaps on Staphylococcus aureus, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/389100
