This work was achieved to determine the nutritional value (total protein, crude fiber, phenolic compounds, total carbohydrate, ash, dry matter, moisture content and pH) of four oyster mushrooms species namely; P. ostreatus (grey), P. ostreatus (white), P. cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus (yellow) and P. salmoneostramineus (pink), were investigated on three agro-substrates mixtures; S1 (wheat straw), S2 (70% wheat straw, 20% sawdust and 10% date palm fiber) and S3 (50% wheat straw, 30% sawdust and 20% date palm fiber) media. The variety of oyster mushroom showed significant (P<0.05) differences of nutritional value of oyster mushroom on various substrates. The mixture which composed from one substrate was poorer in mineral value than others which composed from more one. Generally, the higher protein content showed in P. cornucopiae (32.21%) compared with P. ostreatus (grey) (23.83%) as a lower value. P. ostreatus (grey) recorded total phenol, total carbohydrates and crude fibers 2.82 g/kg, 40.72% and 9.97%, while P. salmoneostramineus recorded 1.35 g/kg, 48.02% and 23.75% respectively. P. ostreatus (white) showed higher value of ash and dry matter (11.3% and 12.81%) than P. ostreatus (grey) and P. salmoneostramineus in values 7.0% and 9.93%, respectively.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1 Sampling
2.2 Determinations
2.3 Statistical Analysis
3. Results ad Discussion
3.1 Protein Content
3.2 Total Phenol Content
3.3 Content of Carbohydrates
3.4 Ash Content
3.5 Total Fibers Content
3.6 Dry Matter and Moisture Content
3.7 The pH of Fruit Extracts
4. Discussion
Research Objectives and Topics
The primary objective of this study is to determine and compare the nutritional values—including protein, crude fiber, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, ash, dry matter, and moisture—of four different Pleurotus oyster mushroom species cultivated on three distinct agro-substrate mixtures in Iraq, specifically integrating local agricultural waste like date palm fibers.
- Nutritional profile analysis of four Pleurotus mushroom species.
- Evaluation of growth substrates including wheat straw, sawdust, and date palm fiber.
- Determination of the influence of substrate composition on mushroom nutritional quality.
- Assessment of mineral content, protein, and phenolic compounds in oyster mushrooms.
- Identification of sustainable and cost-effective local substrates for mushroom cultivation.
Excerpt from the Book
INTRODUCTION
Oyster mushroom, Pleurotus spp., is a popular in most countries [1]. This edible mushroom is important for bioconversion of lingo-cellulosic matters to fresh food [2]. Pleurotus spp. has been used as a food and drug [3]. This mushroom can be using cellulosic substrates easily as a carbon and energy source, like wheat straw, paddy straw, rice straw, corn cobs wastes, cotton wastes, soybean straw [4], bean straw, molasses wastes [5], paper wastes [6,7], wood sawdust [8], date palm wastes [9-13].
Pleurotus spp. is one of important medicinal and edible mushroom which has been used to protect against acute renal failure [14], its polysaccharides against cancer cells [15], antihypertensive against spontaneously hypertensive rats [16], antimicrobial effect using its silver and gold nanoparticles [3,17], to prevent cardiovascular diseases [18] and has anti-inflammatory, antiviruses [19], antioxidant, anticancer [20], antifungal [21,22], anti-yeast [17] and anti-bacterial activities [23]. Fruiting bodies of oyster mushrooms were used instead of meat as food, that due to moderate protein content and it is source for essential amino acids, mineral and vitamins [24]. Pleurotus ostreatus is important source for trace elements, high fiber and low caloric value [18,25].
Summary of Chapters
Introduction: This chapter provides an overview of the significance of Pleurotus mushrooms as food and medicine, emphasizing their potential for bioconversion of agricultural waste into nutritional products.
Materials and Methods: This section details the experimental design, including the specific mushroom species investigated, the preparation of three distinct agro-substrates, and the analytical methods used to measure nutritional and chemical properties.
Results ad Discussion: This section presents data on the protein, phenol, carbohydrate, ash, fiber, and moisture contents, comparing how different mushroom species and substrate compositions significantly impact these values.
Discussion: This chapter synthesizes the findings, relating the variations in nutritional content to nitrogen availability and the chemical composition of the utilized substrates compared to control groups.
Keywords
Nutraceutical value, Pleurotus spp., Oyster mushroom, Agro-substrates, Protein content, Phenolic compounds, Wheat straw, Date palm fiber, Crude fiber, Carbohydrates, Ash content, Dry matter, Moisture content, Nutritional quality, Basidiomycetes.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary focus of this research?
The study focuses on determining the nutritional value of four different oyster mushroom species (Pleurotus spp.) grown on various agricultural waste substrates.
Which specific Pleurotus species were analyzed?
The study analyzed Pleurotus ostreatus (grey), Pleurotus ostreatus (white), Pleurotus cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus (yellow), and Pleurotus salmoneostramineus (pink).
What is the core objective of the work?
The goal is to evaluate if local agricultural residues, such as date palm fiber, can effectively serve as substrates for mushroom cultivation while maintaining high nutritional quality.
What methodologies were employed for the analysis?
The research used chemical analysis techniques, including the Kjeldahl method for protein, Arnow’s method for phenols, the Weende Gravimetric method for fiber, and ANOVA for statistical significance.
What does the main body cover?
The main body details the experimental results regarding protein levels, phenolic compounds, carbohydrate content, ash, fiber, moisture, and pH across different substrates and species.
What are the primary keywords characterizing the study?
Key terms include Pleurotus spp., nutraceutical value, agro-substrates, protein content, phenolic compounds, and crude fiber.
Why is date palm fiber considered an important substrate additive?
Date palm fiber is used because it is an abundant, low-cost local waste product that can increase nitrogen levels and improve aeration in the substrate, potentially enhancing mushroom growth and nutritional value.
How does the substrate composition affect the nutritional output?
The study found that species-specific responses to substrate mixtures lead to significant variations in protein, carbohydrate, and mineral content, suggesting that certain mixtures are more efficient than others.
- Quote paper
- Sajid Al-Saeedi (Author), Mustafa Nadhim Owaid (Author), Idham Ali Abed (Author), 2017, Nutraceutical Value of Four Oyster Mushroom Species, Higher Basidiomycetes, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/417171
