High intensity interval training induces numerous morphological and metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle. On one hand it includes mitochondrial biogenesis and therefore an enhanced capacity to oxidize fuels such as glucose and fats. This implies that a combination of anaerobic and aerobic energy systems rely on muscle glycogen and/or blood glucose as an important substrate for energy production.
On the other hand high intensity intermittent modalities improves aerobic respiratory control sensitivity resulting from increased mitochondrial density. High intensity and reduced volume of the workout utilizes type 2 muscle fibres. This muscle fiber has an anaerobic glycolytic metabolism and produces lactate by using glycogen. This results in the production of the growth hormones testosterone and somatropin. This research question plays an important role for people who are affected by type 2 diabetes or obesity which increases morbidity and mortality. Stroke, hypertension and heart disease are some of the most common disorders associated with these conditions.
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
2 Table of literature
2.1 Low-volume high-intensity interval training reduces hyperglycaemia and increases muscle mitochondrial capacity in patients with type 2 Diabetes (15)
2.2 High Intensity Interval Training Improves Glycaemic Control and Pancreatic β Cell Function of type 2 Diabetes (16)
2.3 High intensity intermittent exercise improves cardiac structure and function and reduces liver fat in patients with type 2 Diabetes: a randomised controlled trial (17)
2.4 The effects of a 2 week modified high intensity interval training program on the homeostatic model of insulin resistance in adults with type 2 Diabetes (18)
2.5 Acute high-intensity interval exercise reduces the postprandial glucose response and prevalence of hyperglycaemia in patients with type 2 Diabetes (19)
2.6 Table of comparison
3 Review summary and practical applications for exercise science practice
4 References
Research Objectives and Themes
This research paper investigates the potential of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) as an effective intervention to enhance glycaemic control in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and obesity.
- Physiological mechanisms of HIIT and skeletal muscle adaptations
- Impact of HIIT on HbA1C levels and blood glucose management
- Comparative analysis of different HIIT protocols (intensity and duration)
- Clinical benefits for patients with metabolic disorders and insulin resistance
- Practical recommendations for exercise science practitioners
Excerpt from the Book
1 Introduction
Low volume High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is a new popular modality of endurance training which primarily improves cardiorespiratory and metabolic functions(1). Gibala and McGee(2) have defined HIIT as repeated sessions of relatively brief intermittent exercise, often performed with an ‘all-out’ effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits VO2peak (i.e., =/>90 % of VO2peak). Because traditional endurance training cannot be established by aerobic adaptations alone, HIIT works above the anaerobic threshold to reach a new adaptation. The main difference to other endurance modalities is an increasing intensity with a shorter bout (<45sec to 2-4min) interspersed with a decreasing recovery period during a HIIT session(3). That means that the ratio between a higher stress and a shorter rest is different than usual training methods(4, 5). Some studies designed their intensity and recovery intervals based on a ratio of 1:1 (stress:rest)(6, 7). Within the work intervals the participants aim to achieve maximum heartrate, VO2 peak or RPE(2). This high intensity is defined by a rate that reaches at least 90% of the maximal heart rate(8). Because of a high intensity the workout is much shorter than the common training methods it usually lasts 15-30 minutes.
High intensity interval training induces numerous morphological and metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle(9). On one hand it includes mitochondrial biogenesis and therefore an enhanced capacity to oxidize fuels such as glucose and fats(10). This implies that a combination of anaerobic and aerobic energy systems rely on muscle glycogen and/or blood glucose as an important substrate for energy production(10). On the other hand high intensity intermittent modalities improves aerobic respiratory control sensitivity resulting from increased mitochondrial density(9). Also VO2max and time to exhaustion is improved by HIIT(4). High intensity and reduced volume of the workout utilizes type 2 muscle fibres. This muscle fiber has an anaerobic glycolytic metabolism and produces lactate by using glycogen(11). This results in the production of the growth hormones testosterone and somatropin(11).
Summary of Chapters
1 Introduction: Provides the theoretical foundation for HIIT, defining its characteristics, physiological adaptations in skeletal muscle, and its relevance for managing type 2 diabetes.
2 Table of literature: Presents a systematic review of five specific studies, detailing their methodologies, participant profiles, and key findings regarding blood glucose and insulin resistance.
3 Review summary and practical applications for exercise science practice: Synthesizes the evidence from the reviewed literature to evaluate the effectiveness of HIIT protocols and provides practical recommendations for treating T2D patients.
4 References: Lists the academic sources and clinical studies cited throughout the research paper.
Keywords
High Intensity Interval Training, HIIT, Type 2 Diabetes, T2D, Glycaemic Control, Insulin Resistance, HOMA-IR, HbA1C, Skeletal Muscle, Mitochondrial Biogenesis, Metabolic Adaptations, Blood Glucose, Obesity, Exercise Physiology
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research paper?
The paper examines whether High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) can effectively improve glycaemic control in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and obesity.
What are the central thematic areas covered?
The themes include the physiological adaptations induced by HIIT, the role of muscle fibers in glucose regulation, and the clinical outcomes of various HIIT training protocols on blood glucose and insulin markers.
What is the primary research question?
The study aims to determine if implementing HIIT sessions enhances glycaemic control, thereby reducing health risks associated with type 2 diabetes.
Which scientific method was employed?
The author performed a systematic review of existing literature, evaluating five original research articles to synthesize findings on training frequency, duration, and physiological impact.
What topics are discussed in the main body?
The main body covers the definition of HIIT, the mechanisms of skeletal muscle adaptation (like mitochondrial biogenesis), and a comparative review of studies documenting HbA1C changes, blood glucose reduction, and insulin resistance improvements.
Which keywords define this work?
The research is characterized by terms such as HIIT, type 2 diabetes, metabolic adaptations, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glycaemic control, and muscle physiology.
Does the paper recommend HIIT for older patients?
Yes, the review notes that significant improvements in blood glucose were recorded in patients above 50 years old after 2 and 8 weeks of intervention.
How does HIIT compare to standard care regarding insulin resistance?
The literature indicates that HIIT can lead to a beneficial decrease in HOMA-IR scores, which serves as a positive indicator of improved insulin activity at the cellular level.
Is a single HIIT session enough to see improvements?
The research suggests that even a single acute HIIT session can contribute to a reduction in postprandial glucose responses and the prevalence of hyperglycaemia.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Marc Schuhmann (Autor:in), 2015, Does High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) enhance glycaemic control?, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/419708
