The present study was done to evaluate the acute (14 days) toxicity of the ethanolic leaf extract of Myrianthus arboreus on the liver enzymes of wistar rats.
In the acute (14 days) toxicity studies, 24 rats were grouped into 1- 8 groups (n=3rats/cage) and administered with 1500, 1000 and 500 mg/kg body weight for 7 days and 14 days. The rats were sacrificed after 7 days and 14 day of administration and blood samples and liver organ were collected for investigations. The biochemical parameters such as the Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined and the liver histology analysed. The mean values of ALP showed significant increase (P≤0.05), the ALT showed a non-significant increase (P≥0.05) at groups 2, 3 and 4 and a significant increase (p≤0.05) at groups 6, 7 and 8. The AST showed a non-significant increase (P≥0.05) at all dosages and times except for group 2. The histological analysis showed microvesicular steatosis at groups 2 and 3 and a ballooning hepatic necrosis at group 7.
The phytochemical analysis of Myrianthus arboreus shows the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones, triterpenoids, carbonhydrate, cardenolide and saponins in detectable limits but fixed oils and cyanogenic glycosides were not determined. In this investigation, we can conclude that the ethanolic leaf extract of Myrianthus arboreus was unsafe at all doses considered for a period of 14 days. However, at a dose below 500 mg for 7 days could be considered safe.
Inhalt
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF PLATES
APPENDIX
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW
1.1 PLANT PRODUCTS AS DRUGS
1.2 TOXICITY TESTS
1.3 THE USE OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL
1.4 THE LIVER
1.4.1 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS
1.4.2 HEPATOTOXICITY
1.4.3 DETOXIFICATION FUNCTION OF THE LIVER
1.4.4 MARKER MOLECULES AND LIVER TOXICITY
1.5 MYRIANTHUS ARBOREUS, ORIGIN, CLASSIFICATION AND MEDICAL USES
1.6 TAXONOMICAL CLASSIFICATION OF MYRIANTHUS ARBOREUS
1.7 COMPOSITIONS AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY OF MYRIANTHUS ARBOREUS
1.8 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 MATERIALS
2.1.1 LABORATORY APPARATUS
2.1.2 LABORATORY EQUIPMENT
2.1.3 CHEMICAL AND REAGENTS
2.1.4 SOURCE OF ANIMAL
2.2 METHODS
2.2.1 COLLECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT MATERIALS
2.2.2 PREPARATION OF EXTRACT
2.2.3 PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING
2.2.4 SELECTION AND SORTING (INTO SIZE AND SEX) OF ANIMALS
2.2.5 RECONSTITUTION OF EXTRACT
2.2.6 LETHAL DOSE (LD50) STUDY OF THE ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS OF MYRIANTHUS ARBOREUS
2.2.7 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
2.2.8. SACRIFICE OF THE ANIMALS
2.2.9 BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS STUDIES
2.2.10 HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES
2.2.11 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESULTS
3.2 RESULTS OF HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
3.3 RESULTS OF PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF THE CRUDE LEAF POWDER OF MYRIANTHUS ARBOREUS (P.BEAUV)
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
4.1 DISCUSSIONS
4.2 CONCLUSIONS
4.3 LIMITATIONS TO THE STUDY
4.4 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
REFERENCE
APPENDIX 1
APPENDIX 2
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