Tissue engineering applies the principles of Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Engineering for the development of substitutes that replace, repair or enhance the biological function of diseased and damaged human body parts, by manipulating cells via their extracellular microenvironment. This three dimensional extracellular architecture ("scaffold") can be fabricated in the shape of the tissue we want to restore, with the help of either polymer hydrogel, self-assembly, non- woven matrix, nano-fibrous electrospun matrices, 3D weaving, or any other textile technology-based techniques, depending upon their structural and functional requirements. This concept in periodontics began with guided tissue regeneration, a mechanical approach utilizing non-resorbable membranes to regenerate periodontal defects. In dental implantology, guided bone regeneration membranes, with or without mechanical support, are used for bone augmentation.
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- Introduction
- Historical Background
- Strategies to Engineer Tissue
- Tissue Engineering Triad
- Matrices for Tissue Regeneration
- Cell Types and Molecules Participating in Periodontal Regeneration
- Requirements for Successful Periodontal Tissue Engineering
- Periodontal Regeneration
- Guided Tissue Regeneration
- Graft
- Growth Factors
- Receptors for Growth Factors
- Rationale for the Use of Growth Factors in Periodontal Regeneration
- Gene Therapy
- Gene Mapping
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
The main objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of periodontal tissue engineering, exploring its historical background, current strategies, and future directions. The text aims to explain the complexities involved in regenerating periodontal tissues and the various techniques employed to achieve this goal.
- Historical Development of Periodontal Tissue Engineering
- The Tissue Engineering Triad (cells, scaffolds, signaling molecules)
- Strategies for Periodontal Regeneration (e.g., guided tissue regeneration, growth factors, gene therapy)
- Challenges and Requirements for Successful Periodontal Tissue Regeneration
- The Role of Cells and Molecules in Periodontal Tissue Regeneration
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
Introduction: This chapter introduces periodontitis as a prevalent inflammatory disease leading to periodontal tissue damage and tooth loss. It highlights the limitations of conventional treatment in achieving tissue regeneration and emphasizes the focus of current research on developing approaches for complete and predictable periodontal tissue regeneration. The complexity of regenerating three distinct periodontal tissues—root cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone—is underscored. The chapter defines tissue engineering and its goals in promoting healing and regeneration more predictably, quickly, and less invasively than previous methods. It concludes by defining periodontal regeneration as a complete recovery of both the height and function of periodontal tissues.
Historical Background: This chapter traces the historical development of tissue engineering, beginning with Hooke's discovery of cells in 1665 and progressing through the formulation of the cell theory in 1838-1839 and Virchow's refutation of spontaneous generation in 1858. It details pivotal experiments in cell culture, starting with Loeb's work in 1897, Harrison's first neuronal tissue culture line in 1907, and Carrel's long-term chick embryo cultures in 1912. The chapter highlights the development of techniques for separating cells from their extracellular matrix, paving the way for advancements in growing and manipulating cells in vitro. The influence of granulation tissue on wound healing is also emphasized.
Strategies to Engineer Tissue: This section delves into the various strategies employed in tissue engineering to regenerate periodontal tissues. It introduces the “tissue engineering triad” – the critical components of cells, scaffolds (matrices), and signaling molecules – and explains how manipulating these elements can lead to tissue regeneration. Different types of matrices are discussed, along with the specific cell types and molecules involved in periodontal regeneration. The chapter further explores the crucial requirements for successful tissue engineering and outlines various approaches including guided tissue regeneration, grafting, growth factors and their receptors, and gene therapy. The overall goal is to create an environment conducive to the body’s natural healing processes, resulting in the regeneration of the lost periodontal tissues.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
Periodontitis, periodontal tissue engineering, tissue regeneration, guided tissue regeneration, growth factors, gene therapy, cell culture, extracellular matrix, scaffolds, alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, root cementum.
Frequently Asked Questions about Periodontal Tissue Engineering
What is the overall objective of this text on Periodontal Tissue Engineering?
This text provides a comprehensive overview of periodontal tissue engineering, covering its historical background, current strategies, and future directions. It explains the complexities of regenerating periodontal tissues and the various techniques used to achieve this goal.
What are the key themes explored in this text?
Key themes include the historical development of periodontal tissue engineering; the "tissue engineering triad" (cells, scaffolds, signaling molecules); strategies for periodontal regeneration (e.g., guided tissue regeneration, growth factors, gene therapy); challenges and requirements for successful regeneration; and the role of cells and molecules in the process.
What topics are covered in the "Introduction" chapter?
The introduction defines periodontitis, highlights the limitations of conventional treatments, emphasizes the need for complete and predictable regeneration, and explains the complexity of regenerating the three periodontal tissues (cementum, ligament, and bone). It also defines tissue engineering and its goals in the context of periodontal regeneration.
What does the "Historical Background" chapter cover?
This chapter traces the historical development of tissue engineering from Hooke's discovery of cells to modern techniques. It covers pivotal experiments in cell culture, the development of methods for separating cells from their extracellular matrix, and the influence of granulation tissue on wound healing.
What strategies for tissue engineering are discussed?
The text details various strategies, focusing on the "tissue engineering triad": cells, scaffolds (matrices), and signaling molecules. Specific strategies explored include guided tissue regeneration, grafting, the use of growth factors and their receptors, and gene therapy. The chapter emphasizes creating an environment that supports the body's natural healing processes.
What are the key components of the "tissue engineering triad"?
The tissue engineering triad consists of three essential components: cells, scaffolds (matrices providing structural support), and signaling molecules (growth factors, etc.) that direct tissue regeneration.
What are some specific techniques used in periodontal regeneration?
Specific techniques discussed include guided tissue regeneration (GTR), grafting, the application of growth factors, and gene therapy. Each technique aims to stimulate and guide the body's natural regenerative processes.
What are the challenges and requirements for successful periodontal tissue regeneration?
The text highlights the complexities involved in regenerating periodontal tissues, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of cell biology, material science, and signaling pathways to achieve successful regeneration.
What is the role of cells and molecules in periodontal tissue regeneration?
The text discusses the specific cell types (e.g., periodontal ligament cells, osteoblasts) and molecules (growth factors, cytokines) crucial for periodontal tissue regeneration, emphasizing their interactions and importance in the regenerative process.
What keywords are associated with this text on periodontal tissue engineering?
Keywords include Periodontitis, periodontal tissue engineering, tissue regeneration, guided tissue regeneration, growth factors, gene therapy, cell culture, extracellular matrix, scaffolds, alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and root cementum.
- Quote paper
- Elashri Chatterjee (Author), 2016, Periodontal Tissue Engineering, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/425820
