The main source of water is rain and if this rain water is agglomerated and harvested, the scarcity of water in water scarce region can be minimized even to the extent of elimination. One of the major panaceas in water scarce area where there is inadequate groundwater supply in terms of quantity and quality can be resolve by the technique of rain water harvesting. In urban areas, rain water available from rooftop of buildings and paved road during monsoon goes as a waste. This water can be stored in tank and can be used directly or indirectly by diverting to treatment plant through various ground water tapping arrangements and catchments which in turn can be utilized at the time of need. The paper aims towards the development of the framework for domestic rooftop harvesting for its useful purpose in Nagaland.
Table of Contents
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. ROOF TOP RAINWATER HARVESTING
4. BRIEF OF KOHIMA TOWN
5. RAINFALL DATA FOR KOHIMA
6. METHODOLOGY
7. DESIGN OF CIRCULAR WATER TANK
8. LIMITATIONS & DRAWBACKS
9. CONCLUSION
Research Objectives and Key Themes
The primary objective of this study is to develop a functional framework for domestic rooftop rainwater harvesting in Nagaland, specifically tailored to mitigate seasonal water scarcity in Kohima by utilizing existing rainfall patterns to design efficient storage infrastructure.
- Analysis of rainfall data and catchment potential in Kohima.
- Technical design and structural calculation of reinforced concrete water tanks.
- Evaluation of the relationship between rooftop surface area and water collection capacity.
- Assessment of the socio-economic and environmental benefits of local rainwater harvesting.
- Development of guidelines for household-level water self-sufficiency.
Excerpt from the Book
ROOF TOP RAINWATER HARVESTING
Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting is the technique through which rain water is captured from the roof catchments and stored in reservoirs. Harvested rain water can be stored in sub-surface ground water reservoir by adopting artificial recharge techniques to meet the household needs through storage in tanks. The Main Objective of rooftop rain water harvesting is to make water available for future use. The use may be temporary, seasonal or permanent except in years of exceptionally low rainfall. The rain water from the roof may also be used for recharging the ground water through nearby water sources such as open dug wells or bore wells. In terms of economic and human welfare it has a crucial role to play. Rainwater in many cases is most reliable, easiest to access, and least polluted source. It can be collected and controlled by the individual household or community as it is not open to abuse by other users.
Summary of Chapters
ABSTRACT: Provides an overview of rainwater harvesting as a solution for water-scarce regions and outlines the paper's aim to develop a design framework for Nagaland.
INTRODUCTION: Details the climatic context of Nagaland, highlighting the paradox of high annual rainfall versus chronic winter water scarcity in Kohima.
ROOF TOP RAINWATER HARVESTING: Explains the fundamental principles, objectives, and multiple advantages of implementing rooftop collection systems for households.
BRIEF OF KOHIMA TOWN: Describes the geographical location, demographic data, and topographical features of Kohima town as the study's focal point.
RAINFALL DATA FOR KOHIMA: Presents the annual precipitation figures for the years 2012 and 2013, providing the quantitative basis for the study's calculations.
METHODOLOGY: Outlines the calculation process used to determine the annual volume of water collectable from a 50m² catchment area.
DESIGN OF CIRCULAR WATER TANK: Provides the technical engineering calculations, including hoop tension, steel reinforcement, and wall thickness for a circular tank.
LIMITATIONS & DRAWBACKS: Discusses the variability in catchment areas and how specific household designs must be adapted to local conditions.
CONCLUSION: Summarizes the study’s findings, emphasizing the economic and ecological viability of rainwater harvesting to address water demand in Nagaland.
Keywords
Rainwater harvesting, Kohima, Nagaland, water scarcity, catchment, reservoir, rainfall data, structural design, reinforced concrete, water tank, sustainability, water conservation, infrastructure, household water supply, domestic engineering.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary focus of this research?
The research focuses on implementing domestic rooftop rainwater harvesting systems in Kohima, Nagaland, as a practical solution to address recurring winter water shortages.
What are the central themes discussed in the study?
The central themes include the climatic assessment of Nagaland, the technical design of storage tanks, calculation of collection capacities based on rainfall data, and the benefits of household water self-sufficiency.
What is the main goal of the proposed framework?
The goal is to develop a standardized approach for designing water tanks that align with household rooftop areas to ensure a reliable and sustainable water supply throughout the year.
Which scientific methodology is utilized in the paper?
The paper employs a quantitative engineering approach, using rainfall data from 2013 and runoff coefficients to calculate catchment potential, followed by structural design calculations for circular reinforced concrete tanks.
What topics are covered in the main body?
The main body covers the introduction to rainwater harvesting, data analysis of Kohima's climate, mathematical calculation of water collection, and detailed structural engineering specifications for tank construction.
Which keywords best characterize this work?
Key terms include rainwater harvesting, Kohima, water scarcity, structural design, catchment, and sustainable water management.
Why is Kohima specifically selected for this case study?
Kohima is selected because it faces significant water scarcity issues during winter months, despite experiencing high levels of monsoon rainfall, making it an ideal candidate for testing rainwater harvesting effectiveness.
What role does the 'runoff coefficient' play in the study?
The runoff coefficient is used to determine how much of the precipitation falling on the roof can actually be collected, with a value of 1.0 being applied to represent flat slab roofs.
What structural standard is used for the tank design?
The study references IS: 3370 (Part-II) 2009 for the design of the circular water tank and IS: 456-2000 for concrete reinforcement guidelines.
How does the author propose to handle reinforcement in the base slab?
The author calculates the necessary reinforcement based on a 150mm thick base slab, providing specific spacing for 8mm diameter bars to ensure structural integrity.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Tsaroli Sangtam (Autor:in), 2018, Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting. A Case Study, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/427542
