This study is aimed at determining the geology and depositional environment of Ameki Formation in Bende and environs through field descriptions, textural analysis and Palynological analysis. The mapped area which covers an area of about 180sq km and is located around Bende, southeastern Nigeria. The study area is bounded by Longitude 07° 30` E and 07° 43` E and Latitudes 05° 30` N and 05° 39` N. The area is underlain by Paleocene Imo Formation and Eocene Ameki Formation. The Ameki Formation is a clastic unit that overlies the marine Imo Formation and it consists of sandstone, shales, limestone, ironstone and siltstones. The Eocene Ameki Formation in southeastern Nigeria consists, in its type locality of five lithologic units; calcareous sandstone, pebbly bioturbated sandstone, grey-dark shale, argillaceous sandstone and pebbly sandstone. The floral, faunal and lithologic studies of the Eocene Ameki Formation suggest sediments deposited in a continuity from nearshore (barrier-ridge estuarine complex) to shallow marine (intertidal and subtidal zones) environment. The sieve analysis unveils that the univariate parameters indicate a fluvially intercepted shallow marine environment with tidal crosscuts, the log probability plots suggest tidal environment while from the bivariate plots; a beach influenced fluvial environment is interpreted. The pebble morphological analysis showed that the pebble clast have being shaped by beach action as revealed by the bivariate scatter plots of pebble form indices while in multivariate aspect a fluvially dissected shallow marine environment with tidal interferences was interpreted. The palynological analysis indicated a marginal marine source for the sediment and that the formation (Ameki) is Eocene in age.
Table of Contents
- Chapter One: Introduction
- Chapter Two: Literature Review
- Chapter Three: Materials and Methods
- Chapter Four: Results
- Chapter Five: Discussion
Objectives and Key Themes
This study aims to determine the geology and depositional environment of the Ameki Formation in Bende and environs, southeastern Nigeria. This is achieved through field descriptions, textural analysis, and palynological analysis. The study focuses on the Eocene Ameki Formation, its lithologic units, and the environmental conditions under which it was deposited.
- Geology of the Ameki Formation
- Depositional environment of the Ameki Formation
- Lithologic characteristics of the Ameki Formation
- Sedimentary analysis techniques (textural and palynological)
- Interpretation of depositional environments based on analysis
Chapter Summaries
Chapter One: Introduction: This chapter introduces the study, its objectives, and the geological context of the Ameki Formation in Bende, southeastern Nigeria. It details the location of the study area, its boundaries, and the underlying formations (Paleocene Imo Formation and Eocene Ameki Formation). The chapter also highlights the importance of the Ameki Formation and the specific aims of the research, which is to examine the geology and depositional environment of the formation. The methodology involving fieldwork, sample collection, and laboratory analysis is briefly described. The chapter sets the stage for the subsequent detailed analysis of the Ameki Formation.
Chapter Two: Literature Review: This chapter would present a comprehensive review of existing literature related to the Ameki Formation, its geology, and depositional environment. It would examine previous studies conducted in the area and synthesize the findings to establish a foundation for the current research. This review would provide context and highlight knowledge gaps that this study aims to address. The existing understanding of the Eocene age and lithology of the Ameki Formation would be discussed, along with potential interpretations of its depositional settings.
Chapter Three: Materials and Methods: This chapter would detail the methodology employed in the study. This would include a description of the fieldwork undertaken, the techniques used for sample collection and processing, and the specific laboratory analyses performed (e.g., sieve analysis, pebble morphological analysis, palynological analysis). The methods for data interpretation and analysis would also be explained. This section ensures the study's reproducibility and transparency.
Chapter Four: Results: This chapter would present the findings obtained from the analyses undertaken. It would present the results of the field observations, textural analyses (sieve analysis, pebble morphological analysis), and palynological analysis. The chapter would focus on presenting the data clearly and concisely, using tables, figures, and maps where appropriate. The results would form the basis for the interpretation and discussion in the subsequent chapter.
Chapter Five: Discussion: This chapter would interpret the results presented in Chapter Four. It would analyze the data obtained from different analytical methods to understand the depositional environment of the Ameki Formation. This would involve integrating the results of sieve analysis, pebble morphology analysis, and palynological analysis to build a cohesive understanding of the sedimentary processes that formed the Ameki Formation. The discussion would connect the findings to the existing literature, highlighting the contribution of this study to the broader understanding of the Ameki Formation and similar formations.
Keywords
Ameki Formation, Eocene, southeastern Nigeria, depositional environment, sedimentary analysis, palynology, textural analysis, lithology, sandstone, shale, limestone, fluvial, marine, tidal.
Frequently Asked Questions: A Comprehensive Language Preview of the Ameki Formation Study
What is the overall topic of this study?
This study focuses on determining the geology and depositional environment of the Ameki Formation in Bende and environs, southeastern Nigeria. It uses field descriptions, textural analysis, and palynological analysis to achieve this.
What are the key themes explored in this research?
The key themes include the geology and depositional environment of the Eocene Ameki Formation, its lithologic units, and the environmental conditions under which it was deposited. Specific areas of investigation include the formation's lithologic characteristics, sedimentary analysis techniques (textural and palynological), and interpretation of depositional environments based on the analysis.
What are the objectives of the study?
The main objective is to understand the geology and depositional environment of the Ameki Formation. This involves analyzing its lithology, sedimentary structures, and fossil content to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental conditions during its formation.
What methods were used in this research?
The research employed a combination of field work (including sample collection), textural analysis (e.g., sieve analysis, pebble morphological analysis), and palynological analysis. The detailed methodology is described in Chapter Three.
What are the key findings presented in the study (as summarized)?
The detailed results are presented in Chapter Four. The summaries indicate that the results from field observations, textural analyses (sieve analysis, pebble morphological analysis), and palynological analysis will be used to understand the depositional environment. Chapter Five will interpret these results to build a cohesive understanding of the sedimentary processes.
What is the structure of the research paper?
The paper follows a standard scientific structure: Chapter One (Introduction), Chapter Two (Literature Review), Chapter Three (Materials and Methods), Chapter Four (Results), and Chapter Five (Discussion).
What is the significance of the Ameki Formation?
The Ameki Formation is significant for understanding the geological history of southeastern Nigeria during the Eocene epoch. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of its geology and depositional environment.
What are the key keywords associated with this research?
Key words include: Ameki Formation, Eocene, southeastern Nigeria, depositional environment, sedimentary analysis, palynology, textural analysis, lithology, sandstone, shale, limestone, fluvial, marine, tidal.
What does the literature review cover?
Chapter Two provides a comprehensive review of existing literature on the Ameki Formation, its geology, and depositional environment, synthesizing previous findings to establish a foundation for the current research and highlighting knowledge gaps.
Where is the study area located?
The study area is located in Bende and environs, southeastern Nigeria. The study focuses on the Eocene Ameki Formation, considering its relationship with the underlying Paleocene Imo Formation.
- Quote paper
- Chidera Ikechukwu (Author), 2017, Geology and depositional environment of the Ameki Formation in parts of Bende and environ Southeastern Nigeria, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/434661
