This paper seeks to examine the three contribution of William James to functionalism and its weaknesses.
William James contributed much to the development of functionalism and modern psychology. He proposed the theory functionalism as a revolt against the weakness of structuralism by Wundt and his student Techerner. The theory could help to explain how human behaviors can be influenced by the functions of the mind not structures of the mind. William James borrowed the concept from Darwianism of nativism. He believed in nature as the cause of behaviors which influence the brain to cause different types of disorders if damaged.
James made functionalism popular in America which caused him to be regarded as the father of American psychology. His work influenced so many researchers especially cognitivists who were studying memory. The weakness of functionalism influenced the rise of behaviorism in early 20th century. It was also criticized for not being psychological and lacking objectivity.
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Conclusion
- References
Objectives and Key Themes
This paper critically examines the contributions and weaknesses of William James to psychology as a scientific field. It focuses specifically on his role in developing functionalism, a school of thought that emphasizes the purpose and utility of mental processes. The paper explores the impact of functionalism on the development of other schools of thought, including behaviorism and modern cognitive psychology.
- William James's contributions to the development of functionalism
- The influence of Darwinian theory on functionalism
- The criticisms of functionalism and its limitations
- The impact of functionalism on the development of other schools of thought
- The role of functionalism in shaping modern psychology
Chapter Summaries
- Introduction: This section introduces the main topic of the paper and provides an overview of William James's contributions to functionalism. It also highlights the significance of functionalism in the history of psychology.
- Functionalism: This chapter delves into the core concepts of functionalism, exploring its origins, key figures, and theoretical framework. It discusses how functionalism emerged as a response to structuralism and the influence of Darwinian ideas on its development.
- James's Contributions: This section explores the specific contributions of William James to functionalism. It analyzes his theories on consciousness, emotions, instincts, and habits, and examines how these ideas shaped the development of functional psychology.
- Criticisms of Functionalism: This chapter examines the criticisms leveled against functionalism, highlighting its perceived weaknesses and limitations. It discusses the arguments that functionalism lacks scientific rigor, objectivity, and empirical evidence.
- Influence of Functionalism: This section explores the lasting impact of functionalism on the development of other schools of thought, particularly behaviorism and cognitive psychology. It demonstrates how the ideas of functionalism continue to inform contemporary psychological research.
Keywords
The primary keywords and focus topics of this work include functionalism, structuralism, William James, consciousness, behavior, Darwinism, adaptation, education, mental hygiene, behaviorism, cognitive psychology, and the subconscious.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Temba Munsaka (Autor:in), 2019, The contributions and weaknesses of William James to psychology as a scientific field, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/465562
