Quercetin is scientifically known as 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflvanone which was given by IUPAC. Quercetin is derived from a latin word known as "Quercetum" that means oak forest. This comes under the class known as Flavanols that is not produced by human body. The quercetin is yellow in color that is poorly soluble in hot water, partially soluble in alcohol and is insoluble in cold water. It is most widely used Flavonoid worldwide to treat many disorders. It shows many biological activities like antiallergenic, antiviral, vasodilating and anti-inflammatory disorders, anti-platelet, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant and treatment of neuro degenerative disorders. There are many sources of quercetin as it is mostly found in fruits, vegetables and certain beverages. It is used in preventing injuries as they activate the anti-oxidant enzyme, reduction of alpha tocopheryl radicals, inhibits the oxidases, metal chelating activity, mitigation of oxidative stress caused by NO, increases uric acid level, increases the antioxidant properties of low molecular antioxidants and they also oxidize other compounds and act as pro oxidants
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Procedure
Result and Discussion
Conclusion
Research Objectives and Focus
The primary research objective of this study is to investigate the anticancer potential of quercetin, extracted from the peel of Cucurbita through a biotransformation process. The research focuses on optimizing the yield of this bioactive compound using fermentation and evaluating its efficacy in inhibiting the growth of human colon cancer cell lines.
- Extraction of quercetin from Cucurbita peel using Soxhlet extraction.
- Enhancement of quercetin yield via microbial fermentation using Bacillus cereus.
- Determination of antioxidant properties and total phenolic content.
- Evaluation of anticancer activity on Caco-2 colon cancer cell lines using MTT assay.
Excerpt from the Book
Enhancement of Quercetin by Fermentation Process
In the present work, 18.0µg/ml of quercetin was obtained from soxhlet extraction process. Now this extract sample was as fermented sample. In the fermentation process, the quercetin concentration was enhanced and it is found to be 37.0µg/ml. The quercetin concentration is increased from fermentation extract due the secretion of β-glucosidase enzyme [1,9] which may converts rutin to quercetin. This enzyme was produced by Bacillus cereus which converts rutin to form quercetin. So this process of biotransformation of rutin to quercetin carried out by Bacillus cereus.
Summary of Chapters
Introduction: Provides a comprehensive overview of the chemical properties, antioxidant potential, and pharmacological importance of quercetin and Cucurbita (pumpkin).
Literature Review: Discusses various scientific studies documenting the medicinal uses, pharmacological activities, and nutritional composition of Cucurbita species and flavonoids.
Procedure: Details the experimental methods including plant material collection, Soxhlet extraction, the fermentation process with Bacillus cereus, and the MTT assay for anticancer activity.
Result and Discussion: Presents the data on quercetin extraction and the significant increase in yield achieved through fermentation, followed by the inhibitory effects observed on colon cancer cell lines.
Conclusion: Summarizes the finding that the fermentation process significantly improves quercetin production, which subsequently demonstrates notable efficacy in inhibiting colon cancer cell growth.
Keywords
Quercetin, Cucurbita, Pumpkin, Fermentation, Bacillus cereus, Biotransformation, Anticancer, Caco-2, Colon cancer, Flavonoids, MTT assay, Antioxidant, Rutin, Medicinal plants, Phytoconstituents.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research?
The research focuses on the extraction of quercetin from Cucurbita (pumpkin) peel and the use of microbial fermentation to enhance its yield for potential anticancer applications.
Which central topics are addressed in the study?
The study covers the chemical composition of pumpkin, the biotransformation of rutin into quercetin using microorganisms, and the evaluation of the resulting extract's anticancer properties.
What is the primary objective of this work?
The primary goal is to demonstrate that fermentation by Bacillus cereus significantly increases the yield of quercetin, thereby creating a more potent agent for inhibiting colon cancer cell growth.
Which scientific methodology is employed?
The research uses Soxhlet extraction for initial isolation, microbial fermentation with Bacillus cereus for biotransformation, and the MTT assay to measure cell inhibition in Caco-2 cell lines.
What is covered in the main body of the text?
The text covers the theoretical background of quercetin and pumpkin, a detailed literature review of previous related studies, the step-by-step experimental procedures, and the resulting quantitative data on cell inhibition.
What are the key terms that define this work?
The work is characterized by keywords such as Quercetin, Cucurbita, Fermentation, Biotransformation, and Caco-2 cell lines.
How much did the fermentation process improve the quercetin yield?
The fermentation process increased the quercetin concentration from 18.0µg/ml, obtained via initial Soxhlet extraction, to 37.0µg/ml.
What role does Bacillus cereus play in this experiment?
Bacillus cereus is used as a microbial agent to secrete the β-glucosidase enzyme, which facilitates the biotransformation of rutin into quercetin.
How effective was the fermented extract against colon cancer cells?
The fermented extract induced cell arrest and inhibited the growth of Caco-2 colon cancer cells, showing a concentration-dependent inhibition ranging from 1.5% to 59.8%.
- Citar trabajo
- Disha Kumari (Autor), 2019, In Vitro Anticancer studies on Colon rectum cell line, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/469110
