The objective of this study is to recommend suitable legal reforms to overcome the issue of school dropouts in Sri Lanka on the back of the right for education as a universal human right.
The research methodology adopted for the study is comparative in nature and desk based. Constructive comparison of the other jurisdiction is the most affirmative method as it serves the objective of this study to recommend suitable legal reforms. This study accordingly recommends that right to education should be guaranteed as a fundamental right and that further legislations have to be established to protect the right. This study has some policy concerns for policymakers, such as recommendation to increase the annual budget allocation on free education programs, and to make, take up the concept of "Every Child Matters "at each and every policy making situation.
Chapter one will discuss the background of and significance for compulsory education in Sri Lanka, before the methodology is lined out, closely followed a literature review. In Chapter four, the literature will be extensively discussed and analyzed, before, in a last chapter, final recommodations are given.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background of the Study
1.3 Statistical Background
1.4 Research Problem
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Objectives
1.7 Organization of the Study
1.8 Conclusion
CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Research Design
2.3 Hypotheses of the Study
2.4 Ascertainment of Data
2.5 Comparative Analysis with Other Jurisdictions
2.6 Evaluation of International Conventions
2.7 Conclusion
CHAPTER 3 LITERATURE REVIEW
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Education
3.2.1 Education and Its Impact
3.2.2 Importance of Education
3.2.2.1 Universal Standards of Education
3.2.2.2 Development of Education System in Sri Lanka
3.2.2.3 International Pledging
3.2.3 Benefits of Education
3.2.4 Elementary Education
3.2.4.1 International Standards of Elementary Education
3.2.4.2 National Standards of Elementary Education
3.2.5 State Sector Contribution
3.2.6 Education as a Right
3.2.7 Education Systems Which Have Assured the Right to Education
3.2.7.1 Finnish Education System
3.2.7.2 Current Position of Sri Lanka
3.3 School Dropout
3.3.1 Overview
3.3.2 Causes for School Dropout
3.3.2.1 Causes for School Dropouts as per National Survey Reports
3.3.3 Consequences of School Dropout
3.3.3.1 Costs of Early School Leaving in Europe
3.4 National Data
3.5 Tested Preventive Strategies
3.5.1 Singapore and Its Recorded Education System
3.6 Available Legislations
3.6.1 National Legislations
3.6.1.2 Constitution of Sri Lanka
3.6.2 International Instruments
3.6.2.1 Jurisdiction of India
3.6.2.2 Jurisdiction of Malaysia
3.6.2.3 Jurisdiction of the United States
3.6.2.4 Jurisdiction of Indiana
3.6.2.5 Jurisdiction of Japan
3.6.2.6 Jurisdiction of Pakistan
3.7 Proposals Recommended by Previous Research Outcomes
3.8 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Statistical foundation for analysis
4.3 Impact of International Conventions
4.4 International Conventions and National Obligations
4.5 Constitution and Directive Principles
4.6 Sociological Concerns Anticipated Legal Implications
4.7 Statistical Data Analysis
4.8 Education and Informed Franchise
4.9 Adoptability of Comparative Jurisdictional Models to Sri Lanka
4.9.1 The Model of India
4.9.2 The Model of Malaysia
4.9.3 Common Features of Models in India and Malaysia
4.9.4 The Model of Japan
4.9.5 Singapore Model
4.9.6 The Model of USA
4.9.7 Imposition of Penalties
4.9 Conclusion
CHAPTER 5 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Constitutionalization of Right to Education
5.3 Reforms Recommended for Domestic Legislations
5.4 State Duty towards the International Conventions
5.5 Investment in Education and Global Concerns
5.6 Policy Concerns
5.7 Criminal Penalties for Non-Cooperating Parents
5.8 Other Possible Inclusions
5.9 Education and Good Governance
5.10 Conclusion
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION
Research Goals and Themes
This study aims to identify the unattended causes of school dropout in Sri Lanka and to recommend effective legal reforms to mitigate this issue. By evaluating the legal frameworks of comparative jurisdictions such as India, Malaysia, Singapore, and the United States, the research seeks to propose a rights-based approach to ensure that the Universal Right to Free and Compulsory Education is successfully implemented and protected in Sri Lanka.
- Legal reforms for mandatory education and school attendance.
- Comparative analysis of international jurisdictional models.
- The role of the State in guaranteeing the Right to Education as a fundamental right.
- Addressing socio-economic barriers like child labor and poverty-related school absenteeism.
- Enhancing enforcement mechanisms and accountability for parental and state duties.
Excerpt from the Book
3.3.2 Causes for School Dropout
Causes for dropping out can be mainly categorized into the aspects of social, institutional, economic and personal aspects. A previous research outcome states that “Describing the causes of students‟ dropouts researcher founded that Distance to schools, bad quality of the education, inadequate school environment and building, overloaded class rooms, improper languages of teaching, carelessness of teachers and security problem in girls school, as the common causes which increase school dropouts.” (Latif et al., 2015).
As per the reports published under the theme of Country study on Out-of-School Children in Sri Lanka by UNICEF and the UNESCO Institute for Statistics in 2013; in finding solutions for school drop-outs as the part of the global Out-of-School Children find that even though Sri Lanka has an excellent record of bringing children into school aged 5-14 years, the out-of school children often face deep-rooted causes of poverty, illiteracy of parents, distance to school ,Quality of education, Health factors, Seasonal household working, Foreign employed parenthood and inequalities and disparities at school. Children of under privileged communities; mostly the children from estate areas, engage in child labour, Conflict is another reason for exclusion. Recently media has reported a very unjustifiable situation of not enrolling a child to school only for the reason that the mother of the child being HIV contacted.
Studies reveal that there is no one single reason for school dropouts; but there are some highly correlated causes including; Poverty, lack of interest in education, weak relationship between teacher and the student, lack of basic skills, lack of commitment and difficulty in transition between schools directly effect for dropping out. (Perera, 2012).
Summary of Chapters
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: This chapter introduces the significance of free and compulsory education and outlines the research problem regarding school dropouts in Sri Lanka.
CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY: This chapter details the comparative desk-based research approach used to evaluate legal mechanisms from other jurisdictions.
CHAPTER 3 LITERATURE REVIEW: This chapter reviews the importance and benefits of education, international standards, and existing literature on the causes and consequences of school dropout.
CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS: This chapter analyzes national data, international conventions, and the adoptability of comparative jurisdictional models to the Sri Lankan context.
CHAPTER 5 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: This chapter provides specific recommendations for constitutionalizing the right to education and strengthening domestic legislative frameworks.
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION: This chapter summarizes the study's findings and reiterates the urgent necessity for legislative reform to ensure every child remains in school.
Keywords
School Dropout, Right to Education, Compulsory Education, Legal Reform, Child Labor, Sri Lanka, Fundamental Rights, Education Policy, Jurisdictional Models, Student Enrollment, Educational Equality, Socio-economic factors, Poverty, Human Rights, Policy Making
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research?
The research focuses on addressing the issue of school dropout in Sri Lanka by exploring how legal reforms can guarantee the Universal Right to Free and Compulsory Education.
What are the central themes of the work?
The central themes include the legal protection of children's rights to education, the analysis of state responsibilities, and the comparison of successful educational models from other countries.
What is the primary objective of this study?
The primary objective is to recommend suitable legal reforms and policy changes to overcome school dropout rates in Sri Lanka, ensuring education is treated as a fundamental, enforceable right.
What research methodology is employed?
The study utilizes a comparative, desk-based methodology, analyzing legal statutes and international conventions alongside secondary data from national surveys and international reports.
What does the main body of the work cover?
The main body examines current statistical data on school attendance, evaluates international and national legislation, and discusses the adoptability of specific jurisdictional models from India, Malaysia, Singapore, and the US.
Which keywords best characterize this work?
Key terms include School Dropout, Right to Education, Legal Reform, Child Labor, Fundamental Rights, and Education Policy.
How does the author propose dealing with parental negligence?
The author suggests strengthening enforcement by introducing criminal penalties for parents who fail to enroll their children in school, modeled after practices in countries like Malaysia and Singapore.
What role do international conventions play in the author's argument?
International conventions, such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), serve as the ethical and legal foundation for the author's argument that Sri Lanka has an obligation to incorporate these rights into its national constitution.
- Quote paper
- Indu Ira (Author), 2017, The Universal Right to Free and Compulsory Education and the Issue of School Dropout or Early School Leaving in Sri Lanka, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/505127
