The removal of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug naproxen in tap water by hydroxyl radicals (▪OH ) formed by electro-Fenton process was conducted either with Pt or DD anodes and a 3D carbon felt cathode. 0.1 mM ferrous ion was proved to be the optimized dose to reach the best naproxen removal rate in electro-Fenton process. Both degradation and mineralization rate increased with increasing applied current intensity. The degradation of naproxen by ▪OH vs. electrolysis time was well fitted to a pseudo–first–order reaction kinetic. An almost complete mineralization was achieved under optimal catalyst concentration and applied current values. Considering efficiency of degradation and mineralization of naproxen, electro-Fenton process with DD anode exhibited better performance than that of Pt anode. The absolute rate constant of the second order kinetic of the reaction between naproxen and ▪OH was evaluated by competition kinetics method and the value (3.67 ± 0.3) × 10λ M-1·s-1 was obtained. Identification and evolution of the intermediates, as aromatic compounds and carboxylic acids, were deeply investigated, leading to the proposition of oxidation pathway for naproxen. The evolution of the degradation products and solution toxicity were determined by monitoring the luminescence of bacteria Vibrio fischeri (Microtox method).
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Materials and Methods
- Chemicals and Reagents
- Electrochemical Setup
- Electrolysis Experiments
- Analytical Methods
- Toxicity Assessment
- Results and Discussion
- Electro-Fenton Degradation of Naproxen
- Effect of Current Intensity on Naproxen Removal
- Kinetic Study of Naproxen Degradation
- Identification and Evolution of Intermediates
- Toxicity Evaluation of the Treated Solutions
- Conclusions
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
This research aims to investigate the efficacy of the electro-Fenton process for removing the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug naproxen from tap water. The study focuses on optimizing the process parameters, analyzing the degradation kinetics, and identifying the major by-products formed during the treatment.
- Removal of naproxen from tap water using the electro-Fenton process
- Optimization of process parameters, including current intensity and catalyst concentration
- Kinetic analysis of naproxen degradation by hydroxyl radicals
- Identification and characterization of degradation intermediates
- Evaluation of the toxicity of treated solutions
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
- The introduction provides a comprehensive overview of the presence of pharmaceutical pollutants in water, highlighting the concerns associated with their environmental impact. It explains the inadequacy of traditional wastewater treatment plants to effectively remove these pollutants, emphasizing the need for advanced treatment methods.
- This section details the materials and methods used in the study, including the chemicals and reagents employed, the electrochemical setup utilized, the experimental procedures followed, and the analytical techniques used to monitor the degradation process and assess the toxicity of the treated solutions.
- This chapter presents the experimental results and their discussion. The results highlight the effectiveness of the electro-Fenton process in removing naproxen from water, emphasizing the impact of process parameters, such as current intensity and catalyst concentration. The kinetic study provides insights into the degradation mechanism. The identification and evolution of intermediates shed light on the degradation pathway of naproxen.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
This research focuses on the removal of the pharmaceutical contaminant naproxen from water using the electro-Fenton process. Key themes include the optimization of process parameters, degradation kinetics, by-product identification, and the assessment of treated water toxicity.
- Quote paper
- Chemical Engineer Jeremy Allan Bartolo (Author), 2015, Degradation of NSAID Naproxen in Wastewater by Electro-Fenton, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/507970
