Khat is a psycho stimulant basil globally consumed by millions, regardless of gender, religion, education, profession, philosophy and occupation. A significant number of educated group of Ethiopian society engaged in chewing, mainly for intellectual stimulation and recreation. Past studies revealed that khat chewing was associated with poor academic performance among students. While khat has harmful penalty, little is known about effect of khat chewing among university students in Ethiopia.
This thesis aimed to explore the prevalence, determinants and effect of khat chewing on academic performance among Wollega University students. Methodologically the study used an explanatory sequential research design. Quantitative data was gathered through University based cross-sectional survey conducted in Feb 2017 among randomly selected 358 students using multi-stage sampling technique. Moreover, the in-depth interviews (N=4) and focus group discussions (N=10) was done using semi-structured questionnaires. Binary logistic regression model was employed to identify determinants of khat chewing behavior with in a framework of imputed data and survey design analysis.
Two-limit tobit regression model was used to evaluate predictors of academic performance. The study reveals that prevalence of current regular, lifetime and last semester khat chewing were 24.3%,29%and 27.4%respectively.Students who comes from khat growing area(AOR=20[0.04-0.17]),who have chewer friends(AOR=5.3[5-8.8]),who lives out of campus with friends(AOR=9.2 (3.3-5.01]), whose year of study was third year(AOR=7.4( 0.04-1.27]),students from Nekemte campus (AOR=17.8[1.6-4.8]) and students who perceived khat enhances performance(AOR=2.9[1.4-7.8]) were more likely to chew khat. It is also found that khat chewing(p<0.01) is negatively associated with academic performance of students. To hinder the problems associated with khat chewing integrated prevention approach involving students, the university officials, the surrounding community, and regulatory bodies is required.
Keywords: khat chewing, predictors, prevalence, academic performance, university students
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
- 1.1. Background
- 1.2. Statement of the Problem
- 1.3. Objectives of the Study
- 1.4. Research Questions
- 1.5. Significance of the Study
- 1.6. Scope and Limitations of the Study
- 1.7. Conceptual and operational definitions of terms
- 1.8. Organization of the Paper
- CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1. INTRODUCTION
- 2.2. THEORETICAL LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1.1. The Social Development Strategy Model (SDS)
- 2.3. EMPIRICAL LITERATURE
- 2.2.1. Social development strategy model Related empirical literatures
- 2.2.2. Reasons for khat chewing
- 2.2.3. Prevalence of khat chewing
- 2.2.4. Patterns of khat Chewing
- 2.2.5. Socio-demographic factors and Khat Chewing Behavior
- 2.2.6. Socio-Economic Factors and Khat Chewing Behavior
- 2.2.7. Psychological Factors and khat chewing behavior
- 2.2.8. Impacts of khat chewing
- 2.4. Conceptual Frame Work
- CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1. General description of the study area
- 3.2. Research design, Data Types, Sources and Method of Collection
- 3.2.1. Research design
- 3.3. Sampling technique and Sample Size
- 3.4. The Data Collection Instrument and Procedure
- 3.5. Method of Data Analysis
- 3.5.2. Econometric Models
- 3.6. Description of dependent and independent variables
- 3.7. Multiple Imputation of Survey data
- 3.8. Model Evaluation
- CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS
- 4.1 INTRODUCTION
- 4.2. RESULTS
- 4.2.1. PHASE ONE: QUANTITATIVE RESULTS
- 4.2.1.1. Socio-demographic characteristics Respondents
- 4.2.2.2. Prevalence of khat chewing
- 4.2.3. Determinants of Current regular Khat chewing Behavior
- 4.2.2.4. Predicted Value of Chained Logit Model
- 4.2.2.5. Effect of current regular khat chewing on academic performance
- 4.2.2.5.1. Description of Students academic performance
- 4.2.2.5.2. Two-limit tobit model for predictors of academic Performance
- 4.2.2. PHASE TWO: QUALITATIVE FINDINGS
- 4.2.2.1. Focus Group Discussions Result
- 4.2.1. PHASE ONE: QUANTITATIVE RESULTS
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
This thesis aims to investigate the prevalence of khat chewing among Wollega University students and its effect on their academic performance. The study employs both quantitative and qualitative methods to explore this issue.
- Prevalence of Khat Chewing among University Students
- Determinants of Khat Chewing Behavior
- Relationship between Khat Chewing and Academic Performance
- Socio-demographic and Socio-economic Factors Influencing Khat Use
- Qualitative Insights into Khat Chewing Habits and its Impact
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION: This chapter sets the stage for the research by introducing the background of khat chewing in the context of Wollega University students. It clearly states the problem of khat chewing's potential impact on academic achievement, outlining the study's objectives, research questions, and significance. The scope and limitations of the study are defined, along with key terms. The chapter concludes with an overview of the thesis structure.
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW: This chapter provides a comprehensive review of existing literature on khat chewing. It explores theoretical frameworks, such as the Social Development Strategy Model, and examines empirical studies related to khat chewing prevalence, reasons for its use, associated socio-demographic and socio-economic factors, psychological aspects, and its impacts. This lays the groundwork for the research by establishing a context for understanding the phenomenon and identifying knowledge gaps that the present study seeks to address.
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: This chapter details the research design, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques used in the study. It describes the study area, sampling techniques, sample size, data collection instruments (questionnaires, focus group discussions), and the specific statistical methods (econometric models, multiple imputation) employed to analyze the data. The rationale for choosing these methods is thoroughly explained, ensuring transparency and methodological rigor.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
Khat chewing, academic performance, Wollega University students, Ethiopia, socio-demographic factors, socio-economic factors, quantitative research, qualitative research, econometric modeling, multiple imputation, tobacco control.
Frequently Asked Questions: A Comprehensive Language Preview
What is the main topic of this research?
This research investigates the prevalence of khat chewing among Wollega University students in Ethiopia and its effect on their academic performance. It explores the relationship between khat chewing and academic success, considering various socio-demographic and socio-economic factors.
What methods were used in this study?
The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative research techniques. Quantitative data was collected through surveys and analyzed using econometric models and multiple imputation. Qualitative data was gathered through focus group discussions.
What are the key objectives of this research?
The main objectives are to determine the prevalence of khat chewing among the student population, identify the factors influencing khat chewing behavior, and assess the relationship between khat chewing and academic performance. The study also aims to provide qualitative insights into khat chewing habits and their impact.
What are the key themes explored in the research?
Key themes include the prevalence of khat chewing, the determinants of khat chewing behavior (including socio-demographic and socio-economic factors), the relationship between khat chewing and academic performance, and qualitative insights into khat chewing practices and their consequences.
What is the structure of the research paper?
The paper is structured into four chapters. Chapter one provides an introduction, outlining the background, objectives, and significance of the study. Chapter two reviews relevant literature on khat chewing. Chapter three details the research methodology employed. Chapter four presents the results and discussions, encompassing both quantitative and qualitative findings.
What are the key findings of the quantitative analysis?
The quantitative analysis examines the prevalence of khat chewing, identifies determinants of regular khat chewing behavior, explores the predicted value of a chained logit model, and assesses the effect of khat chewing on academic performance using a two-limit tobit model. Socio-demographic characteristics of respondents are also analyzed.
What are the key findings of the qualitative analysis?
The qualitative analysis, based on focus group discussions, provides insights into the experiences and perspectives of students regarding khat chewing and its impact on their lives and studies.
What are the keywords associated with this research?
Key words include khat chewing, academic performance, Wollega University students, Ethiopia, socio-demographic factors, socio-economic factors, quantitative research, qualitative research, econometric modeling, multiple imputation, and tobacco control.
What theoretical framework is used?
The study utilizes the Social Development Strategy Model (SDS) as a theoretical framework to understand the social and contextual factors influencing khat chewing behavior.
What are the limitations of the study?
The study's limitations are discussed within the paper, addressing potential constraints on the generalizability of findings or limitations in the methods employed.
- Quote paper
- Gemechu Getahun (Author), 2017, Prevalence of Khat Chewing and its Effects on Academic Performance among Wollega University Students, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/509269
