This study seeks to understand the impact of a series of key internal determinants of the profitability of listed commercial banks in India. Following are the research questions raised in this regard: Are there differences in key performance measures of private and public sector banks? Does the size of the bank affect bank profitability? Does the bank’s lending activity and income generation capability affect its profitability? Does the productivity of the bank impact its profitability? Does the bank’s asset quality and capital adequacy affect its profitability? Can bank profitability be forecasted from determinants?
The banking industry in India is diverse in nature. There are more than sixty listed commercial banks in India. These include banks in the public and private sector and the banks are of varying size and profitability levels. As noted early, the Indian banking system is faced with severe asset quality issues. The banking system has been flooded with non-performing assets which have significantly eroded the bank margins. Recent adverse developments in the banking sector such as lending scams and questionable advances to troubled segments of the economy have dominated the financial press. While this being so, this research is aimed at examining the contributing factors of profitability in banks.
Key measures of bank profitability include the return of assets, return on equity and net interest margin. There are several possible drivers of bank profitability. These include asset quality, capital adequacy, liquidity, productivity and income. While several studies till date have looked at key determinants of bank profitability, very few studies have compared the effect of key determinants for a larger cross section of banks that represent the banking sector in India as a whole. Hence an attempt has been made in this study to know the key drivers of profitability of the banking sector. The study also looks at the similarities or the differences of the influence of selected determinants on profitability measures across the sample of banks selected for research. This study also compares the key drivers of bank profitability for public and private sector banks and an attempt is made to develop models to forecast bank profitability from key determinants.
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Research Questions
1.4 Objectives of the Study
1.5 Research Methodology
1.6 Scope of the Study
1.7 Significance of the Study
1.8 Limitations of the Study
1.9 Chapter Scheme
2. BANKING SECTOR IN INDIA – A REVIEW
2.1 Origin of Banking
2.2 Banking in India
2.2.1 The Pre-Independence Phase
2.2.2 The Post-Independence Phase
2.3 Classification of Banks
2.3.1 The Reserve Bank of India
2.3.2 Scheduled Banks
2.3.3 Unscheduled Banks
2.3.4 Commercial Banks
2.3.5 Co-operative Banks
2.4 Function of Banks
2.4.1 Primary Functions
2.4.2 Secondary Functions:
2.5 Key Bank Performance Measures
2.5.1 The Credit Deposit Ratio
2.5.2 The Investment Deposit Ratio
2.5.3 Other Income to Total Income Ratio
2.5.4 Operating Expenses to Total Income Ratio
2.5.5 Interest Income to Total Funds Ratio
2.5.6 Interest Expended to Total Funds Ratio
2.5.7 Net Profit to Total Funds Ratio
2.6 Rating Frame Work for Banks
2.6.1 CAMEL Rating
2.7 Risks Faced by Banks
2.7.1 Credit Risk
2.7.2 Market Risk
2.7.3 Operational Risk
2.7.4 Liquidity Risk
2.7.5 Business Risk
2.7.6 Systemic Risk
2.8 Banking Regulations and Regulatory Requirements
2.8.1 Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) and Statutory Liquid Ratio (SLR)
2.8.2 Basel III Norms
2.9 Recent Trends in Indian Banking
2.10 Measures of Bank Profitability
2.10.1 Return on Assets (ROA)
2.10.2 Return on Equity (ROE)
2.10.3 Net Interest Margin (NIM)
2.11 Determinants of Bank Profitability
2.12 Current Scenario in Indian Banking
2.12.1 Asset Quality
2.12.2 Percentage Share in Total Credit
2.12.3 Growth in Advances
2.12.4 Percentage Share in Total Assets and Profits
2.13 Operational Definitions
3. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
3.1 Studies in the Global Context
3.2 Studies in the Indian Context
3.3 Summary of Key Determinants of Profitability and Profitability Measures used in Select Research Studies
3.4 Conclusion
4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
4.1 Conceptual Frame Work of the Study
4.2 Research Design
4.2.1 Variables Selected
4.2.2 Development of Working Hypothesis
4.2.3 Sample Design
4.2.4 Collection of Data
4.2.5 Data Analysis
4.3 Findings Suggestions and Conclusion
4.4 Bibliography
5. ANALYSIS OF DATA
5.1Test for Normality
5.2 Analysis of Key Indicators of Bank Performance
5.3 Impact of Bank Size, Lending Measures and Income Measures on Bank Profitability
5.4 Impact of Employee Productivity on Bank Profitability
5.5 Impact of Capital Adequacy and Asset Quality on Bank Profitability
5.6 Summary of Analysis
5.7 Forecasting
5.7.1 Model Fitting
6. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
6.1 Summary
6.2 Findings
6.3 Implications of the Study
6.3.1 Implications for Bankers
6.3.2 Implications for Investors
6.3.3 Implications for Regulators
6.4 Scope for Future Research
6.5 Conclusion
Research Objectives and Themes
The primary research objective is to examine the impact of various internal determinants on the profitability of listed commercial banks in India. The study utilizes a descriptive and empirical research design to analyze how these specific drivers influence bank financial performance, ultimately aiming to develop forecasting models that can predict bank profitability based on the identified determinants.
- Analysis of key performance differences between public and private sector banks.
- Evaluation of the relationship between bank size and profitability.
- Assessment of the impact of lending activities and income generation on bank financial outcomes.
- Investigation into how productivity, asset quality, and capital adequacy affect overall bank profitability.
- Development of predictive forecasting models for bank profitability.
Excerpt from the Book
2.4.1 Primary Functions
The primary functions of modern banks include accepting deposits and advancing loans (Suresh & Paul, 2014):
2.4.1.1 Accepting Deposits
One of the most important functions of a commercial bank is to accept deposits from the public. Banks require large sums of money for their lending activities. Therefore, banks accept deposits from individuals or companies and pay interest on deposited funds. Individuals and companies deposit their surplus funds with banks for both safe keeping and earning interest. Banks pay the appropriate interest on the deposits collected. The bank not only guarantees the deposit but also agrees to meet the demands of the depositors arising from any withdrawals required. Banks generally provide the following deposit accounts:
2.4.1.1.1 Fixed Deposit Account
This is also referred to as a term deposit or time deposit account. Money in this account is accepted for a fixed period, usually between one and ten years. The money so deposited cannot be withdrawn before the maturity period. The rate of interest on this account is usually higher than that on other accounts and varies according to the time period of the deposit. It matures at the end of the fixed period. If a depositor withdraws this amount before the maturity period, he incurs an interest penalty. Thus, banks have these funds at their disposal for a certain fixed period.
Summary of Chapters
INTRODUCTION: The first chapter introduces the research context, outlines the primary objectives of the study, and identifies the core problem concerning bank profitability. It also defines the research questions and the methodology employed.
BANKING SECTOR IN INDIA – A REVIEW: This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the Indian banking sector, tracing its historical origins and evolution through pre- and post-independence phases, while detailing various banking classifications and performance metrics.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE: This section undertakes an extensive review of both global and Indian academic studies, summarizing key determinants of bank profitability and identifying the research gap that this study intends to bridge.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: This chapter details the conceptual framework and research design, describing the independent and dependent variables selected, the sampling process, and the specific statistical techniques used for data analysis.
ANALYSIS OF DATA: This chapter presents the empirical findings based on the collected financial data, utilizing descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and quantile regression models to test the hypotheses and explore the determinants of bank performance.
FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION: The final chapter synthesizes the results of the research, offering detailed findings on the drivers of profitability and providing strategic implications for bankers, investors, and regulators.
Keywords
Bank Profitability, Commercial Banks, India, Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non-Performing Assets (NPA), Bank Size, Quantile Regression, Financial Performance, Banking Regulation, Basel III, Interest Income, Employee Productivity, Forecasting Models
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research study?
The research primarily investigates the internal determinants that influence the profitability of listed commercial banks in India and seeks to develop forecasting models based on these factors.
What are the primary thematic areas covered in this thesis?
The thesis examines bank size, lending measures, income sources, asset quality, capital adequacy, and employee productivity as critical drivers of financial performance.
What is the overarching research goal?
The main goal is to identify which specific bank-internal factors drive profitability and to test if these factors have a significant impact on performance metrics such as Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE).
Which scientific methodology is applied in this research?
The study employs a quantitative research design using secondary data from bank financial statements, applying descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and advanced quantile regression techniques to estimate parameters.
What topics are discussed in the main body of the work?
The main body covers the historical development of Indian banking, a review of existing literature, a detailed explanation of the research methodology, empirical data analysis, and the presentation of final findings and conclusions.
Which keywords best describe this academic work?
Essential keywords include Bank Profitability, Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Non-Performing Assets (NPA), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), and India Banking Sector.
How does the study use the CAMEL rating framework?
The study incorporates the CAMEL framework to evaluate the performance of banks, utilizing its five core pillars (Capital adequacy, Asset quality, Management efficiency, Earnings quality, and Liquidity) as a benchmark for comparison.
What are the key implications of the findings for investors?
Investors are advised to focus on banks that maintain high asset quality and a diversified income base, as these are identified as significant predictors of long-term profitability.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Rajveer Rawlin (Autor:in), 2019, Determinants of Profitability of Listed Commercial Banks in India, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/510384
