How does an increase in temperature and a change in concentration of cationic surfactant Benzalkonium Chloride affects the cleaning ability of different floor cleaners measured in terms of change in surface tension using the stalagmometric method?
What makes a floor cleaner exhibit cleaning ability? The major ingredient in the production of floor cleaners is Benzalkonium Chloride (BKC). There are several other surfactants available but this is commonly found in most of the floor cleaners. BKC, a cationic surfactant, has had several uses since it was introduced. Developed by a group of German scientists in the 1910s as a germicide, it was first used medicinally as a preservative for hard contact lens solutions and skin disinfectant. Today, there are thousands of different products that contain this chemical.
There are various methods like capillary rise, drop and analysis to find the surface tension of a liquid. However, all the methods require machines and apparatus that are not easily available and are also expensive. Therefore, the stalagmometric method was the only feasible method that also gave reliable results. In order to find the floor cleaners that were common a survey was conducted in the local residential area.
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- TITLE:
- INTRODUCTION:
- OVERVIEW OF THE EXPERIMENT:
- BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
- CHEMISTRY BEHIND FLOOR CLEANERS:
- CALCULATING SURFACE TENSION:
- STALAGMOMETRIC METHOD:
- HYPOTHESIS:
- VARIABLES:
- CHOOSING VARIABLES:
- CONTROLLING VARIABLES:
- MATERIALS:
- APPARATUS:
- CHEMICALS:
- SAFETY PRECAUTIONS:
- PREPARATION AND PROCEDURE:
- MAKING THE BKC SOLUTIONS:
- MAKING THE STALAGMOMETER APPARATUS:
- EXPERIMENTAL METHOD:
- DATA COLLECTION:
- QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS:
- UNCERTAINTIES and STANDARD DEVIATION:
- DATA FOR NUMBER OF DROPS WITH ALL ATTEMPTS, AVERAGE OF THE ATTEMPTS, AND STANDARD DEVIATION:
- BKC Solutions
- Floor Cleaners
- DENSITY:
- SURFACE TENSION:
- DATA WITH SURFACE TENSION VALUES:
- BKC Solutions
- Floor Cleaners
- CORRELATION:
- GRAPHS:
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
- EVALUATION:
- CONCLUSION:
- LIMITATIONS AND SUGGESTED IMPROVEMENTS:
- BIBLIOGRAPHY:
- WEBSITES:
- BOOKS:
- APPENDICES:
- DERIVATION OF THE FORMULA FOR CALCULATION THE SURFACE TENSION:
- SURVEY DATA:
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
The primary goal of this research is to investigate the cleaning ability of different floor cleaners, specifically those commonly found in Indian households. The research aims to understand how varying concentrations of the cationic surfactant Benzalkonium Chloride (BKC) and temperature affect the surface tension of these cleaners. This research aims to provide insights into the effectiveness of different floor cleaners based on these factors, contributing to informed consumer choices.
- Impact of temperature on the cleaning ability of floor cleaners
- Influence of BKC concentration on surface tension
- Relationship between surface tension and cleaning effectiveness
- Comparison of cleaning ability between different floor cleaner brands
- Application of stalagmometric method for surface tension measurement
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
- Introduction: This chapter introduces the topic of floor cleaner effectiveness and outlines the research question. It discusses the prevalence of floor cleaners in Indian households and highlights the importance of choosing the right cleaner. The chapter also explains the relevance of Benzalkonium Chloride (BKC) as a key ingredient in floor cleaners and its role in cleaning ability. The introduction then discusses the impact of temperature and surfactants on surface tension and cleaning ability.
- Overview of the Experiment: This chapter provides a brief overview of the experimental approach and methodology. It emphasizes the use of the stalagmometric method for measuring surface tension and outlines the key variables and parameters studied.
- Background Information: This chapter delves into the theoretical framework of the research. It discusses the chemistry behind floor cleaners, focusing on the properties and functions of BKC as a cationic surfactant. The chapter also explores the concept of surface tension and its significance in cleaning, and it provides an in-depth explanation of the stalagmometric method used in the experiment. The chapter also highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between surface tension, temperature, and BKC concentration.
- Materials: This chapter details the materials and equipment used in the experiment. It lists the apparatus used for the stalagmometric method and the various chemicals employed, including BKC solutions and different brands of floor cleaners. This chapter also details the preparation of solutions.
- Safety Precautions: This chapter highlights the safety measures implemented during the experiment, emphasizing the importance of handling chemicals and using laboratory equipment safely.
- Preparation and Procedure: This chapter outlines the steps involved in preparing the experimental setup and conducting the experiment. It details the methods for preparing BKC solutions of varying concentrations and for preparing the stalagmometer apparatus. The chapter provides a detailed explanation of the experimental method, outlining the procedure for measuring the number of drops of each solution at different temperatures.
- Data Collection: This chapter focuses on the data gathered during the experiment. It describes the methods used for data collection and analysis. The chapter presents qualitative observations, discusses uncertainties and standard deviations, and outlines the data for the number of drops, average drops, and standard deviations for BKC solutions and floor cleaners. It also delves into the calculations for density and surface tension and presents the data with surface tension values.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
This research focuses on exploring the cleaning ability of floor cleaners in terms of surface tension, examining the impact of temperature and the concentration of Benzalkonium Chloride (BKC), a cationic surfactant. The research utilizes the stalagmometric method to measure surface tension, providing insights into the cleaning effectiveness of various commercially available floor cleaner brands. The research highlights the importance of understanding these factors for making informed consumer choices and for improving the formulation of effective floor cleaners.
- Quote paper
- Sanidhya Jain (Author), 2018, How does temperature and Benzalkonium Chloride affect the efficiency of cleaning products?, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/516576
