Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by snail intermediate hosts. It is one of the most wide spread zoonotic disease which is endemic in many developing countries of the tropics and sub tropics causing considerable loss in humans and animals. The disease affects rural communities particularly those who depend upon irrigation to support their agriculture. Currently it affects between 200 and 300 million people in around 74 countries. The great majority (80-85%) of schistosomiasis is found in sub-Saharan Africa. Schistosomiasis is caused by trematode worms of the genus Schistsoma that live in the alimentary tract, bladder, as well as hepatic and nasal veins of humans and animals.
Effective transmission of schistosomiasis occurs when the schistosome parasites, the aquatic snail hosts and the human or animal definitive hosts meet in space and time in surface water. The pathological changes with the disease are attributed by the adult parasite, cercaria and the eggs of the parasite. Health education, chemotherapy, environmental and biological control as well as provision of clean water have an innumerable role in the control activity of the disease. The use of traditional medicines in the treatment of schistosomiasis are economically important and a growing concern.
There are various types of plants having anti schistosomal and molluscicidal properties with minimal side effects used by developing countries and continuous to be used in the modern world. Phytoplacca dodecandora (Endod) is the most widely studied molluscicide in Ethiopia.
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
2. BOVINE SCHISTOSOMIASIS
2.1 Etiology
2.1.1 Morphology of Schistosoma
2.1.2 Taxonomy
2.2 Epidemiology
2.2.1. Risk factors for infection
2.2.2 Transmission
2.3 Pathogenesis
2.4 Life Cycle
2.5 Clinical findings
2.6 Diagnosis
2.7 Managements Of The Disease
2.7.1 Treatment
2.7.2 Control and prevention
3. PREVALENCE OF THE DISEASE IN ETHIOPIA
4. ECONOMIC AND PUBILIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DISEASE
4.1 Economic Importance
4.2. Public Health Importance
5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6. REFERENCES
Research Objectives and Topics
The primary objective of this review is to synthesize existing knowledge on bovine schistosomiasis, with a specific focus on evaluating its current status and public health significance within Ethiopia.
- Etiology, taxonomy, and transmission dynamics of Schistosoma species.
- Epidemiological factors and risk profiles associated with the disease in cattle.
- Clinical pathology, diagnostic methodologies, and disease management strategies.
- Economic impact on livestock production and associated public health risks.
Excerpt from the Book
2.1.1 Morphology of Schistosoma
Adult schistosomes have a basic bilateral symmetry, oral and ventral suckers, a body covering of asyncytial tegument, a blind-ending digestive system consisting of mouth, esophagus and bifurcated tail Schistosomes exhibit sexual dimorphism and have distinct separate sexes. Adult worms are about 0.3-3 cm in length that lives in the blood vessels around the intestine, hepatic, nasal or bladder veins. The mature male worm is broad and flat, in wardly curved forming a groove called gynaecophoric canal to clap the female which is longer than the male (Lefevre,et al 2010). The female worm after copulation is set free to lay its eggs. Each mature female produces about two hundred ova per day.
Summary of Chapters
INTRODUCTION: Provides an overview of schistosomiasis as a significant snail-borne trematode infection affecting both humans and animals, highlighting its endemic nature and veterinary importance in Ethiopia.
2. BOVINE SCHISTOSOMIASIS: Discusses the etiology, morphology, epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and the complex life cycle of the parasite, alongside current diagnostic and management practices.
3. PREVALENCE OF THE DISEASE IN ETHIOPIA: Examines regional prevalence data and ecological factors influencing the distribution and host-parasite relationships within the country.
4. ECONOMIC AND PUBILIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DISEASE: Analyzes the agricultural production losses due to infection and the zoonotic potential, including the occurrence of cercarial dermatitis in humans.
5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Summarizes the findings and suggests public health measures and future research directions to mitigate the impact of the disease.
6. REFERENCES: A comprehensive list of scientific literature and studies cited throughout the review.
Keywords
Schistosomiasis, Bovine Schistosomiasis, Ethiopia, Trematode, Parasite, Snail Intermediate Host, Veterinary Medicine, Public Health, Endod, Molluscicide, Epidemiology, Zoonosis, Praziquantel, Schistosoma bovis, Livestock
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research paper?
The paper focuses on bovine schistosomiasis, specifically reviewing its biological characteristics, epidemiological status, and impact on the veterinary and public health sectors in Ethiopia.
Which fields of study are primary to this work?
The central thematic fields include veterinary parasitology, epidemiology, animal husbandry, and public health management.
What is the main objective of the study?
The main objective is to provide a comprehensive review of bovine schistosomiasis and to reassess its current status and significance regarding public health and the economy in Ethiopia.
What scientific methods were employed?
This study is a literature-based review, synthesizing data from various epidemiological surveys, historical case studies, and clinical research regarding Schistosoma species.
What topics are discussed in the main body of the text?
The main body covers the etiology, taxonomy, transmission dynamics, life cycle of the parasite, diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and disease control/prevention methods.
Which keywords define this paper?
Key terms include Schistosomiasis, Bovine Schistosomiasis, Ethiopia, Molluscicide, Endod, and Zoonosis.
How do anthropogenic factors influence the spread of the disease in Ethiopia?
The paper identifies water development projects, such as dams and irrigation schemes, as significant drivers that create favorable habitats for snail intermediate hosts, thereby increasing transmission rates.
What role does the plant 'Endod' play in controlling the disease?
Phytolacca dodecandra (Endod) is a native Ethiopian plant highlighted for its molluscicidal properties, which can be effectively utilized to control the snail populations that serve as intermediate hosts.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Gizaw Mekonnen (Autor:in), 2020, Review on Bovine Schistosomiasis and its Current Status and Public Health Importance in Ethiopia, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/520670
