This study attempts to explore the Social and economic history of Toro during the period 1830-1962.
Chapter one analyses the background of Toro as a region in terms of geographic location and tribal composition. It also includes the statement of the Problem, objectives of the study, literature review, Significance and scope of the Study. The chapter also includes the Research questions, methodology, and equally discusses the challenges encountered in the course of the study.
Chapter two looks at the social organization of Toro. It analyses the social cultural beliefs and practices of the Batoro during the period 1830-1962, traditional education, Toro traditional Religion, and the organization of magical religious institutions are all examined in this chapter.
Chapter three analyses the circumstance under which foreign religions such as, Islam, Catholic, Protestant and Seventh Day Adventist religions spread into Toro. The role of Toro leaders as Kasagama in facilitating the spread of western Religions in Toro is also highlighted. The religious apathy which saw Protestant chiefs dominate political positions in Toro in comparison to other parts of East Africa is examined.
Chapter Four reconstructs the economic history of Toro during the period 1830- 1962. The pre-colonial economic activities of the Batoro such as Hunting, subsistence farming, cattle rearing, iron smelting, inter alia are highlighted, the study also examines the processes through which the British colonialists integrated Toro into a world of capitalist economy.
Chapter Five presents the effects of colonial rule on the social and economic life of Toro by 1962. On the one hand, the researcher admits the positive effects of colonial rule which led to the introduction of new crops, and infrastructure development, some of the negative effects of colonial rule are also presented.
Chapter six handles the conclusions and recommendations.
Table of Contents
1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background to the study
1.2 Statement of the Problem.
1.3 Specific Objectives of the Study
1.4 Research Questions.
1.5 Significance of the Study.
1.6 Purpose of the Study
1.7 Scope of the Study
1.8 Literature Review
1.9 Research Methodology
1.10 Conclusion
2. THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF TORO
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Area of Study
2.2 The History of Social Customs and Institutions of Toro.
2.3 Marriage among the Batoro.
2.4 Child Naming
2.5 The Rituals Relating to Birth of Twins
2.6 Clans of Toro.
2.7 Kinship Attitudes and Terminology in Toro
2.8 Traditional Religion in Toro.
2.9 The Organization of Magical Religious Institutions
2.10 Organization of Relationships with Magical Religious Institutions.
2.11 The Spread of Western Religions in Toro
2.12 The Impact of Western Religions on Toro’s Culture.
2.13 Reaction of Traditional Leaders and Moslems to the Spread of Christianity.
2.14 Informal Education in Toro.
2.15 The Spread of Western Education in Toro.
3. THE ECONOMIC ORGANISATION OF TORO 1830-1962
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Subsistence Farming in Toro
3.2 Productive Systems-Units of Production.
3.3 Pastoralism in Toro.
3.4 Hunting as an Economic Activity in Toro.
3.5 Trade in Toro
3.6 Control of the Factors of Production
3.7 Tea Growing in Toro.
3.8 Methods of Production
4. THE IMPACT OF COLONIAL RULE ON TORO ECONOMIC ORGANISATION
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Toro and Colonial Economic Policies.
4.2 Percentage of County Chiefs by Religion in East Africa in 1924 in Six Regions
4.3 Conclusion
5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.0 Introduction
5.1 Conclusions
5.2 Recommendations
5.3 Areas for Further Research
Research Objectives and Themes
The primary objective of this study is to reconstruct the social and economic history of the Toro region during the period 1830-1962, focusing on the transition from pre-colonial systems to the impact of British colonial administration.
- Social organization, customs, and traditional religious institutions of the Batoro.
- Evolution of pre-colonial economic activities including agriculture, pastoralism, and trade.
- The introduction and influence of Western religions and education systems.
- The transformative impact of colonial rule on local economic structures and social cohesion.
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2.3 Marriage among the Batoro.
Marriage was a very important institution among the Batoro. Parents played a very important role in the marriage of their children. Polygamy was allowed as long as someone had the potential to take care of many wives. Most Batoro who had a lot of wealth in form of land and cows were forced to marry many wives who would take care of their wealth. They advised their sons to marry as early as possible to avoid temptations .Parents also searched marriage partners for their children. Parental involvement in the search for marriage partners for their children according to most interviewees enabled their children to get disciplined girls since they knew better their backgrounds. One respondent called John Bahemuka indicated that his father in law rejected all men who wanted to marry his daughter and opted for him because he knew his background so well.
Having identified the potential marriage partner, the next important step was payment of dowry. This was in form of goats, cows, and latter money after its introduction by the colonialists. Some Batoro according to some informants would accept food such as bananas especially during famine as dowry. According to Tailor, in a census of 120 marriages in Mirongo County in 1951, the average payment was 118s. In the pre European period payment was in cattle, goats and other objects, dowry was contributed by parents and relatives of the family.
The marriage ceremony in the case of normal first marriages involved lengthy preliminaries at the home of the bride between her father and relatives of the groom and representative of the groom. Formal engagement, the settlement of the bride price amount the choice of the wedding day all would be concluded only after many visits
Summary of Chapters
CHAPTER I: Provides the foundational background, research objectives, and the methodological approach used to analyze Toro's social and economic history.
CHAPTER TWO: Examines the social organization of Toro, covering customs, marriage rituals, clan structures, traditional beliefs, and the impact of Western religious influence.
CHAPTER THREE: Investigates the economic structure of Toro from 1830 to 1962, detailing traditional agricultural methods, pastoralism, and the development of tea farming.
CHAPTER FOUR: Analyzes how colonial economic and administrative policies integrated Toro into a global capitalist economy and influenced local socio-political structures.
CHAPTER FIVE: Presents final conclusions on the study's findings and offers recommendations for future academic research in the region.
Keywords
Toro, Batoro, Pre-colonial history, Colonial rule, Social organization, Economic history, Traditional religion, Embandwa, Agriculture, Pastoralism, Tea farming, Clanship, Cultural institutions, British imperialism, Social customs.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary scope of this historical study?
This study focuses on the social and economic development of the Toro region in Uganda between 1830 and 1962, spanning the pre-colonial era through the period of British colonial rule.
What are the main thematic fields covered in the dissertation?
The core themes include indigenous social institutions (clans, marriage), religious evolution (traditional practices to Western Christianity), and economic systems (subsistence farming, cattle keeping, and cash crops).
What is the central research objective?
The study aims to bridge historical gaps by comprehensively analyzing the social and economic factors that shaped Toro society, specifically how colonial administrative policies altered traditional indigenous structures.
Which research methodology was employed?
The researcher utilized a qualitative research design, incorporating descriptive methods such as oral interviews with elderly respondents and analysis of secondary archival data from local libraries.
What topics are examined in the main body?
The chapters address the social organization of the Batoro, traditional and foreign religious beliefs, the economic organization of Toro, and the transformative impacts of colonial economic policies.
Which specific keywords best characterize this work?
Key terms include Toro, Batoro, Pre-colonial history, Colonial rule, Social organization, Traditional religion, and economic integration.
How did the colonial era affect traditional Toro farming practices?
Colonial rule pushed for the production of cash crops like coffee and cotton, which integrated the region into a global capitalist economy but also led to the decline of local communal agricultural practices and occasionally caused food shortages.
What was the role of the King (Omukama) in colonial economic changes?
King Kasagama played a significant role by acting as an ally to British interests, facilitating the establishment of missions and supporting new economic policies, which in turn helped stabilize his reign against regional rivals.
How were traditional clan structures impacted by Western influence?
Western education and the introduction of new religious doctrines often undermined traditional social institutions, leading to a shift in loyalty from clan-based ancestral customs to state-aligned religious and political structures.
- Citation du texte
- Tumwine Jesse (Auteur), 2014, Social and Economic History of Toro Kingdom during the Period 1830-1962, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/520940
