Since counterfeiting is an illicit business, quantitative approaches are limited. Additionally comprehensive quantitative research faces problems such as the high level of heterogeneity within the Chinese environment or political restrictions. Most counterfeiting research is based on personal interviews, observations, official records and data as well as publications of interest groups. Qualitative evaluation therefore seems the more effective methodological approach. Although the present study shows the results of quantitative research, the general methodology follows qualitative trajectories. The structure is divided into five main parts (Chapter 3 to Chapter 7) which combine descriptive and in the following, normative research. Chapter three introduces the impact of counterfeiting to highlight the up-to-date facts and importance of the issue. Chapter 4 to 6 represent the common market structure. They systematize the study into three main categories of research: environmental (economical, legal, political), supply side (“the counterfeiter”) and the demand side (“consumers”). Each research category is examined towards: relevant drivers, attributes, and containment options. Chapter seven gives a final summary and analyses future prospects.
Table of Contents
1 Introduction and Preliminary Remarks
2 Definition and Delimitation of Relevant Terminology
3 Impact of China’s Counterfeiting Problem
3.1 Negative Impacts of Counterfeiting in China
3.1.1 Introductory Remarks
3.1.2 Costs to the Right Holder
3.1.3 Costs to Consumers and Potential Users
3.1.4 Social Costs
3.2 Positive Impacts of Counterfeiting
3.2.1 Positive Impacts to Consumers and Local Economies
3.2.2 Positive Impacts for Development and Innovation
3.2.3 Positive Impacts for China’s Political Environment
3.3 Summary of Main Impacts and Evaluation
4 Analysis of economic, legal and political environment
4.1 Insights of Contemporary China
4.2 Drivers for Counterfeiting
4.2.1 China’s Transition Process and Economic Framework
4.2.2 China’s Enforcement Institutions and Legal framework
4.2.2.1 Enforcement Institutions
4.2.2.2 Legal Framework
4.2.3 China’s Political Framework
4.2.3.1 Attitudes of the People’s Government of PRC
4.2.3.2 Local Protectionism and Development
4.2.4 Summary
4.3 Containment Options concerning Environmental Determinants
4.3.1 Extensive Legal Protection
4.3.2 Reforming China’s IPR Enforcement System
4.3.3 Improving China’s IPR Legislation
4.3.4 Lobbying and Encouraging Political Commitment
4.3.5 Summary
5 Analysis of Suppliers on the Counterfeiting Market
5.1 Attributes of China’s Counterfeiters
5.2 Drivers for Counterfeiting
5.2.1 Unawareness of Statutory Provisions
5.2.2 Financial Incentives
5.2.3 Enabling Resources and Technical Knowledge
5.2.4 Historic Insights and their Influence on the Perception of IPRs
5.2.4.1 Attitude towards the “West”
5.2.4.2 The Communist Era and the Perception of IPR
5.2.5 Cultural Traits and their Impact on Contemporary Counterfeiting
5.2.5.1 Confucianism
5.2.5.2 Collectivism and other Cultural Dimensions
5.2.6 Summary
5.3 Containment Options
5.3.1 Innovation and Constant Change of Product Attributes
5.3.2 Anti-Counterfeiting Technologies
5.3.3 Education and Deterrence of Counterfeiters
5.3.4 Securing the Value Chain
5.3.5 Co-Opting Preeminent Offenders
5.3.6 Passive Measures
5.3.7 Summary
6 Analysis of Consumers on the Counterfeiting Market
6.1 The Consumer of Counterfeited Goods
6.1.1 Introductory Remarks
6.1.2 Attributes of Chinese Consumers who Buy Counterfeits
6.2 Drivers for Counterfeiting
6.2.1 Increased Consumer Rent
6.2.2 Impact of Availability of Counterfeits on Purchase Intention
6.2.3 Cultural Traits and Consumer Behaviour
6.2.4 Sophistication of Chinese Consumers
6.2.5 Perception of Wrongdoing and Unethical Behavior
6.2.6 Anti-Big-Business Attitude
6.2.7 Novelty Seeking and Risk Avoidance
6.2.8 Summary
6.3 Containment Options
6.3.1 Matching Consumers’ Needs
6.3.2 Communication and Education
6.3.3 Summary
7 Conclusions and Outlook
7.1 Conclusions
7.1.1 Recommendations for Companies
7.1.2 Recommendations for the People’s Government of PRC
7.1.3 Recommendations for Chinese Consumers
7.2 Outlook
7.3 Concluding Remark
Research Objectives & Key Themes
The primary objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the counterfeiting landscape in the People's Republic of China, examining the problem from economic, legal, and political perspectives, while also considering the supply and demand sides of the market to propose effective containment strategies.
- Systematic analysis of the negative and positive impacts of counterfeiting in China.
- Evaluation of the political, economic, and legal drivers that facilitate widespread counterfeiting.
- In-depth investigation of supplier attributes, including cultural influences and technical resource accessibility.
- Examination of consumer motivations, focusing on price, status, and the perception of unethical behavior.
- Development of strategic recommendations for companies, government, and consumers to mitigate counterfeiting.
Excerpt from the Book
3.1.2 Costs to the Right Holder
All industries and all types of products even in markets outside China may be affected by China based counterfeiting (cf. Tab. 17-A and Appendix D). Consequently the range of right holders is various. Every company in the market is a potential target for counterfeiters this includes domestic Chinese companies as well (Balfour et al., 2005, p. 1; Sisci, 1997, p. 1.; Chow, 2000, p. 16). There is clear evidence from literature that some industries are more affected, than others. The Green Paper on counterfeiting in the EU (1999, p. 5) states:
“There was fairly general agreement that the industries most severely affected were software, textiles, clothing, toys, music, perfumes, publishing, pharmaceuticals, phonographic/CD recordings, videos, car parts, and sports goods; but the list was long, over fifty items, and went as far as garden gnomes and CAT scanners.”
The specific costs to right holders vary greatly. There are financial losses, brand erosion or decreasing goodwill as well as additional enforcement costs or lawsuits initiated by consumers concerning product liability (IHK, 2004, p. 2).
Summary of Chapters
1 Introduction and Preliminary Remarks: Sets the context of China as a global leader in counterfeiting and outlines the paper's methodological approach and research objectives.
2 Definition and Delimitation of Relevant Terminology: Clarifies the scope of the study by defining key concepts like counterfeiting, product piracy, imitation, and grey area activities.
3 Impact of China’s Counterfeiting Problem: Analyzes the severe negative economic and social consequences of counterfeiting, while also acknowledging potential short-term positive effects in local economies.
4 Analysis of economic, legal and political environment: Investigates how China's transition process, enforcement limitations, and political framework act as primary drivers for the prevalence of counterfeit goods.
5 Analysis of Suppliers on the Counterfeiting Market: Explores the supply side of the market, identifying the characteristics of counterfeiters and the role of resources, culture, and historic perceptions.
6 Analysis of Consumers on the Counterfeiting Market: Examines consumer motivation, highlighting the impact of price, materialism, status, and the generally low perception of counterfeiting as an unethical act.
7 Conclusions and Outlook: Synthesizes findings to offer actionable recommendations for corporations, the Chinese government, and consumers, concluding with future scenarios.
Keywords
China, Counterfeiting, Intellectual Property Rights, IPR, Piracy, Brand Erosion, Enforcement, Legislation, Consumer Behavior, Collectivism, Confucianism, Market Transformation, Anti-counterfeiting, Supply Chain, Economic Development.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core subject of this research paper?
The paper explores the multifaceted issue of counterfeiting in the People's Republic of China, analyzing why it has become so prevalent and how it can be addressed.
What are the primary thematic fields covered in the text?
The text is divided into three main pillars: the general economic, legal, and political environment, the supply side (characteristics and motives of counterfeiters), and the demand side (consumer behavior and motivation).
What is the central research question or objective?
The objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of counterfeiting in China and to identify effective containment strategies that address both supply and demand factors.
Which scientific methodology is employed?
The study primarily utilizes a qualitative approach, relying on personal interviews, observations, official records, and publications from interest groups, as quantitative data on illicit business is limited.
What topics are discussed in the main body of the work?
The main body treats the economic impact of counterfeiting, the structural drivers within the Chinese political and legal environment, the attributes of suppliers and their reliance on cultural/historic factors, and the factors driving consumer demand such as status consumption and price advantages.
Which keywords best characterize this work?
Key terms include Counterfeiting, China, IPR (Intellectual Property Rights), Enforcement, Consumer Behavior, and Political Commitment.
How does the paper categorize the different forms of intellectual property infringement?
The author distinguishes between four categories: Counterfeiting (trademark infringement), Product piracy (copying content), Imitation (close copies sold as such), and Grey area activities (parallel trading and over-runs).
What is the role of 'Local Protectionism' in the Chinese counterfeiting context?
Local protectionism is identified as a critical barrier because local governments often support counterfeiting operations as they provide jobs, tax revenue, and regional development, making them resistant to national enforcement directives.
What strategy does the author suggest for corporations to deal with counterfeiting?
The author advocates for a combination of four strategies: 'Attack' (prosecution and lobbying), 'Defense' (securing the value chain and technology), 'Cooperation' (co-opting offenders), and 'Withdrawal' as a final measure when the market becomes untenable.
- Quote paper
- Ulf Kramer (Author), 2006, Counterfeiting in the People's Republic of China, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/61261
