In 1999 Turkey became candidate country for the European Union. Subsequently, but especially after the Turkish financial crisis of 2001 and the AKP electoral win of 2002, Turkish economy boomed. Until 2015, GDP more than tripled, the economic structure changed (from agricultural to service sector dominated) and economic relevance increased, what is illustrated e.g. by the admittance in G20. This economic boom is accompanied by AKP’s domestic political transformation (conservatism and moderate Islamisation) as well as the rising orientation to the region (Middle East, Northern Africa and Caucasus).
Turkey became a regional player with high geostrategic ambitions. This is illustrated also by an alienation of the EU. This work adumbrates the general Turkish development before 1999 and outlines the development since 1999 (both political and economic).
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- Introduction, sources and state of research
- The situation in 1999 and before
- Developments from 1999 until today
- Political developments
- Economic developments
- The influence of the AKP/EU and the Turkey-EU-interdependence
- Turkey as a role model?
- Conclusion
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
This essay aims to analyze the economic and political development of Turkey since it became an official candidate for EU accession in 1999. It examines the impact of both the Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the European Union (EU) on this development, exploring the successes and drawbacks of Turkey's transformation. The essay further considers the potential for Turkey to serve as a role model for other countries in the region, balancing economic success with democracy and Islamic values.
- Turkey's economic boom since 1999
- The political influence of the AKP
- The impact of the EU on Turkey's development
- The interplay between Turkey's domestic and foreign policy
- Turkey's potential as a regional role model
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
Introduction, sources and state of research: This introductory chapter sets the stage for the essay by outlining the research question and methodology. It provides context by briefly summarizing Turkey's economic and political situation prior to 1999, highlighting the country's aspirations for EU membership and its existing relationship with the EU. The chapter also likely discusses the existing scholarly literature on Turkey’s development, shaping the research context and possibly identifying gaps in existing research that the essay seeks to address. This sets the groundwork for the subsequent analysis of Turkey's trajectory after 1999.
The situation in 1999 and before: This chapter delves into the socio-political and economic landscape of Turkey prior to 1999, providing a crucial historical context for understanding the subsequent developments. It likely outlines the challenges Turkey faced before its candidacy, including perhaps economic instability, political polarization, and the ongoing Kurdish conflict. It would also set the baseline for assessing the changes that occurred during and after the period of EU accession candidacy.
Developments from 1999 until today: This chapter forms the core of the analysis, presenting a detailed account of Turkey's economic and political evolution since 1999. The subchapters on political and economic developments offer a nuanced exploration of Turkey's trajectory during this period. The political section might analyze the rise of the AKP, its domestic reforms, and its foreign policy shifts. The economic section would probably explore the impressive economic growth, structural changes, and challenges faced by the country.
The influence of the AKP/EU and the Turkey-EU-interdependence: This chapter focuses on the critical role played by both the AKP and the EU in shaping Turkey's development. It would analyze the interaction between these two key actors, highlighting instances of cooperation, conflict, and mutual influence. The analysis would likely explore how the AKP's domestic policies were influenced by the EU’s expectations and conversely, how Turkey’s pursuit of EU membership shaped its political and economic trajectory. It might also detail the ways in which the EU impacted Turkey's political and economic reforms.
Turkey as a role model?: This chapter constitutes a critical evaluation of Turkey's experience, exploring its potential to serve as a role model for other countries. It might discuss the key aspects of Turkey's success (e.g., economic growth, integration of Islam into a democratic system) and potential lessons for others. It would examine the extent to which this "model" is replicable or adaptable given specific country contexts. The chapter is likely to weigh the challenges and contradictions within the Turkish experience, acknowledging the limits to its applicability in different settings.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
Turkey, European Union, EU accession, AKP, economic development, political transformation, Islamism, democracy, regional power, geopolitics, role model, economic growth, political reforms.
Frequently Asked Questions: A Comprehensive Language Preview
What is this document about?
This document provides a comprehensive preview of an essay analyzing the economic and political development of Turkey since it became an official candidate for EU accession in 1999. It examines the impact of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the European Union (EU), exploring successes and drawbacks of Turkey's transformation and its potential as a regional role model.
What are the main sections of the essay?
The essay is structured into several key sections: an introduction outlining the research question and methodology; an overview of Turkey's situation before 1999; a detailed analysis of developments from 1999 to the present, covering both political and economic aspects; an examination of the influence of the AKP and the EU; and a discussion of Turkey's potential as a role model for other countries. The document also includes a table of contents, objectives and key themes, chapter summaries, and keywords.
What is the focus of the introduction?
The introduction sets the context by summarizing Turkey's pre-1999 situation, highlighting its EU membership aspirations and existing relationship with the EU. It also reviews the relevant scholarly literature, identifying potential research gaps the essay addresses.
What does the essay cover regarding the period before 1999?
This section delves into the socio-political and economic landscape of Turkey before 1999, providing a historical context. It likely outlines challenges faced, such as economic instability, political polarization, and the Kurdish conflict, establishing a baseline for assessing changes after 1999.
How does the essay analyze developments from 1999 onwards?
This core section details Turkey's economic and political evolution since 1999. It analyzes the rise of the AKP, its domestic and foreign policies, economic growth, structural changes, and challenges faced by the country.
What is the role of the AKP and the EU in the essay?
This section focuses on the interaction between the AKP and the EU, highlighting cooperation, conflict, and mutual influence. It analyzes how the AKP's policies were influenced by EU expectations and vice versa, showing how Turkey's EU membership pursuit shaped its trajectory.
What is the essay's perspective on Turkey as a role model?
This section critically evaluates Turkey's experience, exploring its potential as a regional role model. It examines aspects of success (economic growth, integration of Islam into a democratic system) and considers the replicability and adaptability of this "model" in different contexts, acknowledging challenges and contradictions.
What are the key themes and keywords of the essay?
Key themes include Turkey's economic boom, the AKP's political influence, the EU's impact, the interplay between domestic and foreign policy, and Turkey's potential as a regional role model. Keywords include Turkey, European Union, EU accession, AKP, economic development, political transformation, Islamism, democracy, regional power, geopolitics, role model, economic growth, and political reforms.
What is the overall objective of the essay?
The essay aims to analyze Turkey's economic and political development since 1999, examining the impact of the AKP and the EU, exploring successes and drawbacks, and considering Turkey's potential as a regional role model.
Where can I find the full essay?
The full essay is not included in this preview. This document serves as a comprehensive overview of its contents.
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- Bernhard Weidenbach (Author), 2015, Turkey as a role model?, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/900921
