Human trafficking is a global problem which was denounced by the international community as human rights abuse and determined to be as a modern form of a slavery. This article studies the push factors of human trafficking victims from Eastern Europe and Central Asia during the period of 2014 – 2017. The study provides a literature review, a regression analysis of variables that robustly explains trafficking such as income level due to the fact that people undertake risky migration, so they want to change their life for better.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Literature review
3. Data analysis
3.1 Russia – Eastern Europe
3.2 Kazakhstan – Central Asia
4. Conclusion
Research Objectives and Key Topics
The primary objective of this paper is to empirically investigate the driving factors of human trafficking in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, specifically testing the hypothesis that lower income levels (measured by GDP per capita) correlate with higher rates of human trafficking due to risky migration patterns.
- The impact of economic indicators like GDP per capita on human trafficking statistics.
- Comparative analysis of trafficking patterns in the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan.
- The role of recruitment methods and migration as push factors for victims.
- Review of existing theories concerning governance, crime, and gender discrimination.
- Limitations of current internationally comparable data in tracking the magnitude of trafficking.
Excerpt from the Book
Literature review
The question of our study is what are the driving factors which lead to human trafficking in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. It’s challenging to investigate human trafficking due to the lack of reliable data. Human trafficking is illegal migration and forced labor in practice, a criminal activity, the true magnitude of the problem is still unknown. In fact, at present, there is no internationally comparable official statistics capturing the magnitude of human trafficking. The United Nations Surveys on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (UNCTS) provide police statistics on the reported number of human trafficking cases for the period of 2005–2008, covering a maximum of 80 countries. (UNCTS, 2008)
M. Crookham research study shows that a level of governance necessary to effectively deal with such a complex, multidimensional issue. The nations with higher levels of governance implement better measures of anti-trafficking than nations with lower levels of governance. Nations with higher levels of governance are more likely to cooperate with the international community in the effort to combat human trafficking than nations with lower levels of governance. (Crookham, 2004). Governance as explained by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) is “the exercise of economic, political and administrative authority to manage a country’s affairs at all levels. It comprises mechanisms, processes and institutions through which citizens and groups articulate their interests, exercise their legal rights, meet their obligations and mediate their differences” (UNDP, 1997).
Summary of Chapters
1. Introduction: This chapter defines human trafficking as a global human rights abuse and outlines its prevalence and impact, specifically highlighting the vulnerability of Eastern European and Central Asian regions following the collapse of the Soviet Union.
2. Literature review: This section examines existing research regarding push factors, emphasizing the influence of governance, crime levels, and economic conditions on human trafficking while noting the difficulties posed by data scarcity.
3. Data analysis: This chapter presents a regression analysis of GDP per capita and reported trafficking victims in Russia and Kazakhstan to test the link between economic status and trafficking outcomes.
4. Conclusion: The concluding section summarizes the study's findings, indicating no significant relationship between income and human trafficking in the analyzed datasets, and highlights the need for more complex, multi-factor research.
Keywords
human trafficking, regression analysis, gender discrimination, income level, crime prevalence, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, GDP per capita, migration, labor exploitation, governance, corruption, trafficking victims, UNODC, economic migration
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research paper?
The paper focuses on identifying the push factors that contribute to human trafficking in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, with a specific interest in the relationship between economic status and victim outflow.
What are the central themes explored in this study?
The central themes include the impact of low income (GDP per capita), the role of governance in anti-trafficking efforts, the challenges of data reliability in criminal activity, and the recruitment vulnerabilities of migrants.
What is the primary research objective?
The primary goal is to test the hypothesis that economically weaker nations experience higher rates of human trafficking as individuals undertake risky migration in search of a better life.
Which scientific methodology is applied?
The author employs a literature review to establish a theoretical foundation and a regression analysis to statistically test the relationship between GDP per capita and the number of reported human trafficking victims.
What topics are covered in the main section of the paper?
The main section covers an overview of the trafficking problem, a review of existing academic literature on regional trafficking, and a detailed data analysis focusing on the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan.
Which keywords characterize this academic work?
Key terms include human trafficking, regression analysis, gender discrimination, income level, crime prevalence, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and GDP per capita.
Does the study find a significant correlation between income and human trafficking in Russia?
The analysis indicates an insignificant relationship between income (GDP per capita) and the number of victims in the Russian Federation, suggesting that income alone is not a primary driver within the examined timeframe.
How do the results for Kazakhstan compare to those of Russia?
Similar to the findings for Russia, the results for Kazakhstan show an insignificant linear relationship, with only 5% of the hypothesis being explained by income, suggesting that other factors must be at play.
- Citar trabajo
- Liliya Kenzhebayeva (Autor), 2020, Push factors that impact human trafficking from Eastern Europe and Central Asia, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/907123
