This essay is about the goal-line-technology in football. Its recent introduction in official matches has started a debate about its usefulness and necessity in football. Several factors have influenced the various stakeholders resulting in different notions of the acceptance of the goal-line-technology. This essay tries to identify these factors and explains their impact on the acceptance.
The 'Goal-Line-Technology' (GLT) is a recent innovation in soccer, which determines whether or not the ball has crossed the goal-line. The official approval from IFAB in 2012 and the following introduction in official matches marked a milestone in using technologies in soccer. FIFA had long tried to resist this development by referring to the potential faults of the technologies and their impact on the game. However, various debates show that the technology is not undisputed. This report tries to identify the factors that have influenced the acceptance of the GLT. Therefore, the different GLTs will be shown. After this the impact of GLT on its stakeholders will be discussed to determine the factors that have influenced the acceptance of the GLT. Additionally, regulations will be considered and the adoption process will be shown. The research for this report includes secondary data from books, journals, newspapers, etc. The theoretical concepts mentioned are formats and the adoption process.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Types of Goal-line-technology
3. Impacts on stakeholders
4. Requirements/Regulations
5. Adoption process
6. Conclusion
Objectives and Topics
This report investigates the introduction of goal-line technology in professional football, specifically examining the factors that have influenced its acceptance among various stakeholders, such as referees, players, clubs, and governing bodies.
- Technological approaches to goal-line detection (camera-based vs. magnetic-field-based).
- Stakeholder analysis regarding the impact of technology on the game.
- Regulatory frameworks and requirements set by IFAB and FIFA.
- The innovation adoption lifecycle in the context of professional sports leagues.
- Economic considerations and the challenge of maintaining consistency across leagues.
Excerpt from the Book
Types of GLT
The currently available systems are based on two different approaches (FIFA, no date-b). Camera-based systems use seven cameras per goal to determine the location of the ball (Gibbs, 2014). If the ball crosses the goal-line, the systems transmit this information within one second and the referee gets an indication on his watch (FIFA, no date-a). Camera-based systems are 'Hawk-Eye' and 'GoalControl' (Gibbs, 2014).
Magnetic-field-based systems equip the goal with cables creating a magnetic field (FIFA, no date-b). Moreover, the ball contains an electronic circuit (Shah, Muchhala, Shah, 2014, p.3389). Spagnolo et al. (2013, p.1012) argue that this significantly changes key components of the game. However, a change in the electromagnetic-field is detected whenever the ball crosses the goal-line (Wikipedia, 2015-a). Again the referee gets an indication on his watch (FIFA, no date-a). 'Cairos-GLT-system' and 'GoalRef' are magnetic-field-based systems (Gibbs, 2014).
These two types of GLT represent two different formats/designs. As Geroski (2003, p.106) states the competition between these designs will end up with one dominant design and the other will probably disappear. According to Geroski (2003, pp.112-113) a dominant design fulfills three roles: Combining the needs and claims of the customers; Defining the need and the relationship with complementary products; Defining essential characteristics.
Chapter Summaries
1. Introduction: The chapter introduces goal-line technology as a major innovation in soccer and outlines the research objective to identify the factors influencing its acceptance.
2. Types of Goal-line-technology: This section details the two primary technological approaches, camera-based and magnetic-field-based systems, and discusses the concept of dominant design.
3. Impacts on stakeholders: The chapter analyzes how various parties, including referees, players, fans, clubs, leagues, and FIFA, are affected by the implementation of the technology.
4. Requirements/Regulations: This section explains the criteria established by IFAB to ensure the technology serves its purpose without negatively impacting the flow of the game.
5. Adoption process: The chapter applies the innovation adoption lifecycle to illustrate how different football leagues and clubs have adopted the technology based on their specific needs and financial capabilities.
6. Conclusion: The final chapter summarizes the findings, noting that while positive factors currently drive adoption, ongoing consideration of stakeholder needs is essential for future evolution.
Keywords
Goal-line-technology, Formats, Dominant design, Acceptance, Stakeholders, Adoption, Innovation, FIFA, IFAB, Referee, Football, Camera-based systems, Magnetic-field-based systems, Stadium costs, Adoption lifecycle.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary focus of this research report?
The report focuses on goal-line technology (GLT) in professional football and examines the factors that influence its acceptance among various stakeholders.
What are the core thematic areas discussed in the document?
The core themes include the technical types of GLT, the impact on football stakeholders, regulatory requirements, and the process of technology adoption in sports.
What is the central research question?
The research question is: "What factors have influenced the acceptance of the Goal-line-technology in football?"
Which scientific methodology is utilized?
The report is based on secondary data research, utilizing information from books, academic journals, newspapers, and official reports to analyze theoretical concepts like formats and the adoption process.
What topics are covered in the main body of the paper?
The main body covers the technical classifications of GLT systems, stakeholder impact analysis, specific requirements set by governing bodies like IFAB, and an examination of the adoption process using the innovation lifecycle model.
Which keywords best characterize this work?
Key terms include Goal-line-technology, Dominant design, Stakeholders, Adoption, and Innovation.
How do camera-based and magnetic-field systems differ?
Camera-based systems use optical tracking via multiple cameras, whereas magnetic-field systems rely on cables in the goal and an electronic circuit inside the ball to detect when the goal-line is crossed.
Why is the "dominant design" concept relevant to GLT?
It is relevant because competition between different technologies typically leads to one becoming the market standard, potentially rendering others obsolete as clubs and leagues decide which system to implement.
- Quote paper
- Anonym (Author), 2016, The Goal Line Technology in Football and its Innovation Specifics. What is the State of Acceptance?, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/910247
