The aim of this thesis is the presentation and analysis of a classical monetary economy. Modelling is considered over different periods, which implies a dynamic optimization problem. Under simple and comprehensible assumptions, household side and producing firms will be modelled. In the market equilibrium, interrelations and influences of different variables are presented under participation of the monetary authority.
This analysis makes use of various mathematical tools, approximation methods and log-linearizations around steady states, which requires a certain level of abstraction. Thereby mathematical complexity is always kept to a minimum. The central issue is whether the price level is determined or not. Indeterminacy leads possibly to an infinite number of equilibria, which jeopardizes meaningful modelling. Hursey and Wolman (2010) lamented the fact that most monetary models involve the problem of multiple equilibria which makes it impossible to make accurate statements.
The primary objective is to promote an understanding of influencing monetary policy, especially in terms of inflation rate and price level. This thesis will show how monetary policy affects different macroeconomic variables. Furthermore, the question of optimal monetary policy will be discussed. It is important to point out that modelling a monetary economy can provide meaningful information for policy decisions. In particular, the monetary authority can be advised on its decision making by the present analysis. Overall the model presented in this work is mainly based on the work of Gali (2015), and the notation used there is predominantly adopted.
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
2 Households and Firms
2.1 Model Assumptions
2.2 Household Utility Problem
2.3 The Utility Function
2.4 Some Modelling Techniques
2.4.1 Log-Linearization
2.4.2 Autoregressive Processes
2.4.3 Log approximation
2.4.4 Households discount rate
2.4.5 Approximation of consumption
2.4.6 Fisher Equation
2.5 Firms Economic
3 Monetary Policy
3.1 Market Clearing
3.2 Monetary Policy Rules
3.2.1 Exogenous path for the nominal interest rate
3.2.2 Inflation-based interest rate rule
3.3 Authorities’ Money Supply
3.4 Optimal Monetary Policy
4 The Money Utility Function
4.1 Separable Utility Function
4.2 Nonseparable Utility Function
4.3 Friedman Rule
5 Conclusion
Bibliography
Objectives & Core Topics
This thesis aims to present and analyze a classical monetary economy, focusing on the dynamic interaction between households, firms, and monetary policy authorities. It explores how variables like inflation, the nominal interest rate, and the money supply influence the economy, specifically addressing the determinants of the price level and the implications of different policy rules.
- Classical monetary model foundations and optimization problems
- Mathematical techniques for dynamic macroeconomics (log-linearization)
- Monetary policy rules and their effect on inflation and price level
- Money-in-the-utility (MIU) models (separable vs. non-separable)
- Optimal monetary policy and the Friedman rule
Excerpt from the Book
2.1 Model Assumptions
In order to set up an appropriate model, the goods, asset and labour markets are subjects to selected assumptions. Thereby, the classical monetary model by Gali (2015) assumes perfect competition in these three markets. Participants have no market power and cannot influence market prices. Besides, there are no exports and imports, which implies a self-sufficient economy. On the demand side, there are many identical households, while the supply side is illustrated by producing firms. Furthermore, each consumer represents one household. The consumption goods are considered to be homogeneous and thus, indistinguishable. Nevertheless, it is required that each of the market participant knows which goods are offered, demanded by whom and at what price. This is referred as market transparency (Lück, 1990). Furthermore, fully flexible prices are assumed for the markets. There is no capital accumulation. In addition, fiscal policy is not considered. The following modelling is based on these assumptions.
Chapter Summaries
1 Introduction: Provides an overview of the role of central banks and monetary policy, setting the stage for analyzing a classical monetary economy through dynamic optimization and mathematical modeling.
2 Households and Firms: Establishes the core behavioral foundations for households and firms, including utility functions, production functions, and essential modeling techniques like log-linearization.
3 Monetary Policy: Analyzes the market equilibrium, introduces the monetary authority, and develops different policy rules to examine their impact on nominal variables such as inflation and the price level.
4 The Money Utility Function: Extends the model by introducing money as a utility-generating service, comparing separable and non-separable utility functions and their effects on policy neutrality.
5 Conclusion: Synthesizes the findings, confirming the neutrality of monetary policy for real variables while highlighting its significant impact on nominal variables and inflation dynamics.
Keywords
Monetary Policy, Macroeconomics, Utility Function, Inflation, Price Level, Nominal Interest Rate, Money Supply, Log-Linearization, Market Equilibrium, Friedman Rule, Optimal Policy, Labour Supply, Rational Expectations, Real Balance, Dynamic Optimization
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary focus of this thesis?
The thesis explores the modeling and analysis of a classical monetary economy, focusing on how monetary policy interacts with real and nominal macroeconomic variables.
What are the core thematic fields covered?
The key themes include household and firm behavior under perfect competition, the implementation of various monetary policy rules, money demand, and the analysis of different utility functions.
What is the central research objective?
The goal is to understand how monetary policy affects macroeconomic outcomes, specifically in terms of inflation rate determination and the stability of the price level.
Which scientific methodology is employed?
The work utilizes dynamic optimization, log-linearization around steady states, and the method of Lagrange multipliers to analyze economic equilibrium.
What is discussed in the main chapters?
The main chapters cover household utility maximization, firm production optimization, market clearing, the analysis of specific monetary policy rules, and the integration of money into the utility function.
What are the characterizing keywords?
Key terms include Monetary Policy, Inflation, Price Level, Utility Function, and Dynamic Optimization.
What is the difference between separable and non-separable utility?
Separable utility functions maintain that monetary policy is neutral regarding real variables, while non-separable utility functions show that monetary policy can influence the output level via interest rates.
What is the Friedman Rule in this context?
The Friedman Rule is a monetary policy prescribing a zero nominal interest rate, which in this model leads to steady-state deflation to maximize welfare.
How does the model handle price level indeterminacy?
The model shows that price level indeterminacy can occur under certain policy rules, such as pegging the nominal interest rate, necessitating more robust policy frameworks like the Taylor principle.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Marvin Caspar (Autor:in), 2019, A Classical Monetary Economy, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/937464
