This study is carried out to assess the impact of urban expansion on tenure security and livelihoods in peri-urban areas. Tenure insecurity and livelihood problems due to urban expansion are a more significant issue in the developing countries than in the developed countries in the urban periphery. Ethiopia has created a mounting competition for peri-urban land located adjacent to towns and cities by people of diverse backgrounds. As a result of these pressures rapid socio-economic problems have occurred.
This paper is aimed to assess the impacts of urban expansion on tenure security and livelihoods on the communities around Wolaita Soddo Town. Descriptive research designs as well a qualitative and quantitative research approaches were employed. Both probability and non-probability sampling methods were used to get potential respondents and the sample size was determined using the sampling distribution of proportion method, hence 120 participants were selected (85% (102) male and 15% (18) female participants).
Based on the collected data the analysis was done using SPSS and Microsoft Excel and the data was presented by different data presentation tools like tables and graphs. The results from the study revealed that the expansion of Wolaita Soddo Town has presented constraints and opportunities to people living in peri-urban areas. About 94 percent of the households responded that there is tenure insecurity. Due to having insecurity in their farm, their income has decreased.
Similarly, the study revealed, that because of the town expansion, the peri-urban community experienced a multitude of livelihood problems: e.g. loss of assets due to periodic land displacement, reduction of farmland and great fear. On the other hand, the increase in non-farm job opportunities and infrastructure development in the studied areas are noteworthy. The development of new livelihood activities has culminated in the adoption of both farming and non-farming livelihood strategies.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1. Back ground of the study
1.2. Statement of the problem
1.3.1. General objective
1.3.2. Specific objectives
1.4. Significance of the study
1.5. Scope of the study
1.6. The limitation of the study
2. Litrature Review
2.1. Basic Concepts of Urbanization
2.1.1 Causes of urban expansion
2.1.2 Trends of urban expansion
2.1.3 The impacts of urban expansion
2.2. Land Rights
2.3. Tenure Security
2.3.1. Overview of land tenure in Ethiopia
2.4. Empirical Evidences on the Impact of Urban Expansion on Tenure Security
2.5. Impacts of Urban Expansion on Livelihood of Peri-urban Areas
3. Research Methodology
3.1. Description of the study area
3.2 The Conceptual frame work of this Study
3.3. Research Strategy and Design
3.3.1 Research Design
3.3.2 Sampling Design
3.4 Source of Data
3.4.1 Techniques of Data Collection
3.4.2 Methods of Data Analysis and Presentation
4. Results and Discussion
4.1 Demographic and Socio economic Characteristics of Sampled Household
4.2. Impacts of Urban Expansion on Tenure Security
4.4.2 Peri-urban household livelihood income change assessment for the last five years due to town growth
4.4.3 Impacts of Urban expansion on farmers’ financial capital
A. Before Expansion
B. After Expansion
4.4.2 Impacts of Urban Expansion on Farmers’ Social Capital
4.4.3 Impacts of urban expansion on farmers’ natural capital
4.4.4 Urban expansion impact on farmers’ physical capital
4.5 Perception of Farming Community towards Urban Expansion
4.6 Strategies Adopted to Cope with the Effects of Urban Expansion
5. Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendations
Research Objectives and Core Themes
The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of rapid urban expansion on land tenure security and the livelihood sustainability of peri-urban communities surrounding Wolaita Soddo town, Ethiopia, specifically focusing on the socio-economic challenges induced by the conversion of agricultural land.
- Impact of urban sprawl on tenure security and displacement of farming households.
- Analysis of livelihood capital changes (financial, social, natural, and physical).
- Perceptions of local farming communities regarding urban expansion programs.
- Evaluation of coping mechanisms and alternative livelihood strategies adopted by affected residents.
Excerpt from the Book
4.2.Impacts of Urban Expansion on Tenure Security
Land tenure may defined as the terms and conditions under which land is held, used and transacted (Adams, 2001). The nature and strength of property rights are a pre-condition for economic decision making. This is because it has significant effects on people’s expectation in investment of labor and capital. Various evidences shown that secure property rights, particularly appropriate land tenure security is linked with higher propensity to invest in tree planting, manuring soil and water conservation and other 'permanent' improvements. Conversely, insecure tenure is associated with the rapid destruction of natural resources and land degradation. Hence, pursuing appropriate land tenure system has a great importance in increasing the productivity that accrues from the land resources (ibid). However, transformation of agricultural land for housing and urban development in peri-urban and urban areas creates upward pressures on the land values and rising insecurity for those who depends their livelihood on the farm land (ECA, 2006). Wolaita soddo is one of the fastest growing town in southern region. Specially after 2000E.C,the town manifests horizontal expansion in four direction. Related with sprawl of the town, the town administration has built infrastructures, like roads,Univeresity,schools and other government institutions.
Due to this expansion of the town and construction pupose,town administration forced to push peri-urban farmers; which made a great fear on farmers future tenure security, fear on accident evection, converting farm lands into residential that results decreased in agricultural productivity of the farmers and which leads insecurity in food and livelihood problems. Similarly the household survey revealed as under the table-3 below, about 94% respondents replied as there is tenure change due to urban expansion and the left (6%) were replied as there is slightly change and no change in tenure after urban expansion respectivily.
Summary of Chapters
1. Introduction: Outlines the global phenomenon of urban expansion and its specific challenges for peri-urban communities in Ethiopia, setting the stage for the study of Wolaita Soddo.
2. Litrature Review: Examines theoretical frameworks regarding urbanization, urban sprawl, land rights, tenure security, and empirical evidence on the impacts of expansion on peri-urban livelihoods.
3. Research Methodology: Details the descriptive research design, sampling techniques (120 households), data collection methods (surveys, interviews, FGDs), and the conceptual framework applied to the study area.
4. Results and Discussion: Analyzes the demographic and socio-economic data, tenure security status, and the multi-dimensional impacts of urban growth on farmers' financial, social, natural, and physical capital.
5. Conclusion and Recommendation: Summarizes the findings regarding tenure insecurity and livelihood stresses and provides policy recommendations for more participatory and responsible urban expansion.
Keywords
Livelihoods, Tenure Security, Urban expansion, Impacts, Farmers Perception, Urban, Peri-urban areas, Socio-economic, Displacement, Agricultural land, Land administration, Ethiopia, Wolaita Soddo, Compensation, Coping strategies
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this thesis?
The thesis investigates the socio-economic impact of urban expansion on the tenure security and livelihood systems of peri-urban farming communities in Wolaita Soddo town, Ethiopia.
What are the primary thematic areas covered?
The study covers land tenure security, the conversion of agricultural land, loss of household assets, socio-economic changes, and the adaptation strategies of affected households.
What is the main research question or objective?
The primary objective is to assess how horizontal urban expansion affects the land rights and livelihood sustainability of the peri-urban residents around Wolaita Soddo town.
Which scientific methods were employed?
The study utilizes a descriptive research design, incorporating both qualitative (FGDs, interviews) and quantitative (household surveys) approaches, with statistical analysis performed via SPSS and Excel.
What does the main body of the work analyze?
The main body examines demographic characteristics, impacts on various capital types (natural, financial, social, physical), and assesses farmer perceptions and coping mechanisms post-displacement.
Which keywords best describe this study?
Livelihoods, Tenure Security, Urban expansion, Impacts, Farmers Perception, and Peri-urban development are central to this study.
How does the town expansion affect household income?
The study finds that most households experience a decrease in annual income post-expansion, as farm plots are converted to urban uses and traditional agricultural practices are disrupted.
What are the typical coping strategies identified?
Households resort to engaging in petty trading, daily labor, dependency on relatives, or attempting to migrate, though many struggle due to a lack of marketable skills for the urban labor market.
Does the study find that current land tenure is secure?
No, the study reveals significant tenure insecurity; even with land certification, many farmers live in fear of future expropriation due to the irregular and rapid nature of the town's expansion.
What is the suggested improvement for urban expansion policy?
The author recommends moving away from top-down expropriation toward deep participatory discussions, better awareness campaigns, and providing vocational training to help displaced farmers adapt to urban economic activities.
- Quote paper
- Zerihun Lemma (Author), 2020, Impact of Urban Expansion on Tenure Security and Livelihoods of Peri-Urban Areas. The Case of Wolaita Soddo Town in Southern Ethiopia, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/947213
