Agatha Christie (née Miller) was born in 1890 in Devon, England as the youngest of three children in a conservative family. Agatha never went to a school, but was taught at home by a governess. To express her feelings as a child she started playing music and, later in life, writing. In the first World War she worked as a nurse. She was married twice, the first marriage was divorced, because her husband fell in love with another woman. Her first detective novel "The Mysterious Affair at Styles" was published in 1920. The leading actor was Hercule Poirot, a retired Belgian police officer, who also featured more than 30 other novels. Miss Jane Marple, an elderly spinster, was another famous character in twelve novels. All together she wrote 66 novels, numerous short stories and screenplays, and a series of romantic novels. Agatha sold over two billion copies of her books and is therefor the world's best selling author. Her work has been translated into more than a hundred languages. She always tried to avoid the public eye, which became more difficult as her fame grew. In 1971 she achieved Britain's highest honour, when she was made a Dame of the British Empire. Her last novel was written in 1973, when she was 82 years old. She died 1976 in Berkshire, England.

I. Biography of Agatha Christie

II. Content of the novel

The novel "N or M?" (written in 1941), taking place during the second World War, is about a couple called Tommy and Tuppence Beresford, who are called by the British Secret Service to capture one of Hitler's most dangerous agents, either called N or M. The action takes place in a boarding house at a seaside resort in South England. Under the pseudonym Mr. Meadows (Tommy) and Mrs. Blenkensop (Tuppence) pretending not to know each other, they try to find out, by the help of long conversations with the other guests and by many rumours which are spread round, who acts normal and doesn't pretend to be another person and who is an undercover agent. The majority of the guests suspect a German refugee and the proprietness of the house Mrs. Perenna to be spies. But those prejudices change, when a "strange woman" appears, kidnapping a baby (also guest with its mother called Mrs. Sprot) and then, after a chase, gets shot by the baby's mother, which seems quite strange to Tuppence. So her attention turns to Mrs. Sprot. By accident Tommy finds out, that a houseowner called Haydock, who lives nearby, is a spy. Haydock lets Tommy capture and locks him up in his cellar. Later, to leave no tracks behind, the thieves want to throw Tom over board from a ship on high sea. Now Tuppence is alone with her job to do. An old friend of the couple called Albert comes to help them. Albert discovers Tommy in the cellar, but, because of tactical reasons (to catch the spies red-handed), leaves him there and observes the place. Tuppence too runs into a trap set by Haydock, because he expects that Tuppence knows too much about his "work". Haydock threatens Tuppence with a weapon to tell him the truth and dares to shoot her, but a friend, who followed her, shoots Haydock first. By a stroke of genius Tuppence clears up one mystery after another and the spies ,,N and M" are locked up.

III. Major aspect

a) Characterisation of the major actors and actresses

Thomas Beresford alias Mr. Meadowes:

The first part of the elderly husband-and-wife team is Thomas or Tommy Beresford. He does often talk about the good old times, when he was younger and had a job. It is hard to realize for him, that he is getting middle-aged, but when he is offered this new job, his self- confidence gets strengthend. Tommy is an amateur in this field, but this is really needed.

Prudence "Tuppence" Beresford alias Mrs. Blenkensop:

Like Tommy Tuppence wants to do something else than only knitting in her free time. She is clever by having three pseudonym sons, because she thinks: "And I rather fancy the sons may come in useful." (p.22). Another smart quality of hers is to observe people's faces when talking about spies or Fifth Columnists. She also keeps a cool head when the baby is kidnapped: "We must put ourselves in their places." (p.126). She does the major work in this novel.

Mrs. Perenna:

The proprietress of the boarding house Sans Souci is Mrs. Perenna. For Tom she is "...,quite a handsome woman in her way." (p.16). Not to attrac attention she changed her name to Perenna to start a new life, because her husband was shot as a traitor. Owning a boarding house is a good camouflage for her. Mrs. Perenna does not want the police at her house "The police? They'll be no good." (p.124). She is afraid of being imprisoned, because "She was mixed up in some I.R.A. activities,..." (p.224).

Major Bletchley:

For Commander Haydock Bletchley is "a painfully prosaic chap - typical Army. Bit set in his ideas ..., an Army life..." (p.148) and that is totally true. He would die for his country and wants to intern all refugees who come to ,,his country". After telling a joke Tom finds out, that a sense of humour is not Bletchley's strong suit (compare to p. 26). He speaks out boldly what he thinks ,,The fair widow's annoyed about it. Thought she'd got her hooks into him." (p.166) and for this statement gets bleated by Mrs. Minton.

Mr. Carl von Deinim:

Deinim is a young man, very stiff, fair-haired and has got blue eyes. He works in a chemical research laboratory and because he is a refugee from Germany he arouses attention in this time of war at Sans Souci. Bletchley thinks that he is suspicious and a Nazi, because he is not a Jew and came to England just a month before the War broke out. Mr. Grant (friend of the former Chief of the Intelligence) is also interested in him, but finds out, that Deinim is exactly what he says he is. At the end of the novel Deinim clears up, that he is not Carl von Deinim. He "... took his name for reasons of my own." (p. 229)

Mr. and Mrs. Cayley:

The marriage of the middle-aged couple is like a dictatorship. Mrs. Cayley is like a ,,servant" who does everything for her husband. It seems that she has no other aim in life than to minister Mr. Cayley. Bletchley calls him"... a kind of walking chemist's shop." (p.40) and for Tom Mr. Cayley seems to be"... a genuine hypochondrical invalid." (p.45). Mr. Cayley stays at Sans Souci for absolute relaxation, but that is impossible for him, because Mrs. Sprot's baby is too loud.

Sheila Perenna:

The Mrs. Perennas daughter "...'s an attractive girl..." (p.42), but sometimes a little bit queer, because she hardly speaks to anyone. Also Tom discovers her attraction and vitality. "She was the kind of gin, that a man might easily lose his head over." (p.57). Sheila hates the war and the connected patriotism. She loves Carl von Deinim and is very upset when he is locked up because he is suspected of being a spy.

Strange Woman alias Vanda Polonska:

Vanda is a penniless, poorly dressed Polish refugee, who entered the country soon after the outbreak of the war. She is between 40 and 50 years old and the real mother of Mrs. Sprot's baby Betty. Entering the country she agrees to let Mrs. Sprot adopt Betty, but after a while she wants her back. She kidnaps her and gets shot by Mrs. Sprot.

b)Behaviour (camouflage) of Mrs. Sprot alias "M" as a spy positive:

Mrs. Sprot pretends to be a young, bored mother. She pretends to have a husband who misses her and who sent her and the baby Betty away to a safe place, where are no air raids. Tuppence excludes her of being a spy, because she has a child with her "It's not the kind of thing you'd bring a child into I know. You'd keep a child out of it" (p.63), but nobody knows that it is not her child, but an adopted child just to fulfil her ,,work-needs" to be an innocent character. "She felt a queer sense of relief at the domestic atmosphere..." (p.70) feels Tuppence when she comes into Mrs. Sprot's room "All so normal, so reassuring, so every-day" (p. 71) She lets her feelings judge about a person and sometimes this is quite a big mistake.

negative:

A negative point of a "real" mother-behaviour is when Mrs. Sprot makes a trip to London and leaves Betty at home. She searches for somebody to look after Betty although she hardly knows anything about the guests. To carry a gun and then to shoot a person, is also not typical for a normal loving mother. And this point arouses Tuppence's attention.

Result:

If you are an agent trying to catch spies do not trust anybody!

IV. Comment

The novel "N or M?" is a typical mystery book by Agatha Christie. She rises the tension within the book very strongly and after a climax, when Commander Haydock gets killed, lets the agents Tuppence and her partner Tommy dear up the case. I found it quite interesting, that nearly everyone suspected Carl v. Deinim to be a spy, because he was a German refugee. Sheila Perenna was the only one, who believed in the innocence of Mr. Deinim.

The name of the boarding house "Sans Souci" is, for me, a little bit ironic. I suppose that in this war-time nobody is without sorrows, for example what will happen in future or will I still be alive after the war. The guests only show a laid on kind of carelessness.

All in all I can only recommend this mystery novel to everyone who is interested in the field of chasing a spy.

V. References

Biography: Internet - http ://www.MysteryNet.com/

Book: Agatha Christie - "N or M?"

Frequently asked questions

What is "N or M?" about?

"N or M?" is a spy novel by Agatha Christie set during World War II. It follows Tommy and Tuppence Beresford, a married couple recruited by British Intelligence to uncover a dangerous Nazi agent known as either "N" or "M." The story unfolds at a boarding house in a seaside resort in South England, where Tommy and Tuppence, under assumed identities, attempt to identify the spies among the other guests.

Who are the main characters in "N or M?"?

The main characters include:

Tommy Beresford (alias Mr. Meadowes): A former soldier and one half of the detective duo.
Tuppence Beresford (alias Mrs. Blenkensop): Tommy's wife, who is clever and observant.
Mrs. Perenna: The proprietress of the Sans Souci boarding house, who is suspected of being a spy.
Major Bletchley: A patriotic and somewhat inflexible army officer.
Mr. Carl von Deinim: A German refugee working in a chemical research laboratory, suspected of espionage.
Mr. and Mrs. Cayley: A middle-aged couple staying at the boarding house, with Mr. Cayley portrayed as a hypochondriac.
Sheila Perenna: Mrs. Perenna's daughter, who is attracted to Carl von Deinim.
Strange Woman alias Vanda Polonska: The real mother of Betty Sprot, who gets shot by Mrs. Sprot after kidnapping her child.
Mrs. Sprot alias "M": Who pretends to be a young, bored mother, but in reality is an undercover agent.

What is Tommy Beresford's role in the novel?

Tommy, posing as Mr. Meadowes, observes the other guests and tries to gather information. He is captured by Haydock, one of the spies, and held prisoner.

How does Tuppence Beresford contribute to the investigation?

Tuppence, as Mrs. Blenkensop, uses her intelligence and observational skills to analyze the behavior of the guests. She plays a crucial role in uncovering the identities of the spies "N" and "M."

Why is Mrs. Perenna suspected?

Mrs. Perenna is suspected because she is secretive and has a past involving I.R.A. activities. She also doesn't trust the police.

What is the significance of Carl von Deinim's character?

Carl von Deinim is a German refugee who becomes a primary suspect due to his nationality and the timing of his arrival in England. He is later revealed to be using a false name for personal reasons.

Who is Mrs. Sprot and what is her role in the story?

Mrs. Sprot poses as a young, bored mother and her child ends up kidnapped by the real mother. She pretends to be a young, bored mother. She is revealed as the agent "M" near the end.

What is the role of Commander Haydock?

Commander Haydock is the Nazi Agent and locks up Tommy in the cellar.

What is the "Sans Souci" boarding house?

The "Sans Souci" boarding house is where the main action of the novel takes place. It's a seaside resort where Tommy and Tuppence conduct their investigation.

What is the comment on the novel "N or M?"?

The novel is described as a typical mystery book by Agatha Christie, filled with suspense and a complex plot. It highlights the theme of suspicion and deception during wartime.

What are the references used for this summary?

The summary is based on a biography of Agatha Christie found online and the novel "N or M?" itself.

Christie, Agatha - N or M?

Excerpt

Contents