In this thesis, three Wireless Sensor Networks – Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector, Dynamic Source routing protocol and Optimized Link State routing protocol have been simulated and compared in typical IoT scenarios.
Their performance was evaluated using three performance metrics and then they were compared; the performance metrics are Routing Overhead, Average End to End Delay and Throughput. Different number of nodes with different percentages of mobile nodes were analyzed. Specifically, number of nodes analyzed were 20, 40, 60 and 70 with the number of mobile nodes 10, 15 and 20 using OPNET while with NS 3 20, 60 and 100 nodes were analyzed. For each of the number of nodes, all the number of mobile nodes were evaluated. The routing protocols were analyzed using the OPNET Simulation Software and NS-3and the environment size for the simulation was 1000m by 1000m.
IoT has continue to grow bigger since from its inception. Many mobile devices are now available, the internet and its application have only grown bigger and better. As IoT is continually growing, so also is the complexity, as a result issues pertaining routing have also increased. Many researches have been made in attempt to proffer solutions that will either minimize or eliminate these routing issues. Different routing protocols have been designed with different specifications for different applications of the IoT. Also, attempts have been made to implement routing protocols of other types of networks in the IoT.
Table of Contents
- CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Problem statement
- 1.2 Aim of study
- 1.3 Research questions or hypothesis
- 1.4 Significance of study
- 1.5 Thesis outline
- CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Internet of Things
- 2.2 Applications of IoT
- 2.2.1 Smart Homes
- 2.2.2 Smart City
- 2.2.3 Smart Grid
- 2.2.4 Industrial Automation
- 2.2.5 Wearables
- 2.2.6 Smart Agriculture
- 2.2.7 A Short Study on the new CIU Science & Technology Building
- 2.3 Issues in IoT
- 2.4 Routing in IoT
- 2.4.1 Data Routing Issues
- 2.4.2 Routing Protocols and Techniques in IoT
- 2.5 Why AODV, DSR and OLSR?
- 2.6 Simulation
- CHAPTER 3 - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Simulation of AODV, DSR and OLSR
- 3.2 OPNET Modeler Suite
- 3.2.2 Hierarchical Structure of OPNET
- 3.2.3 MANET Node Models in OPNET
- 3.2.4 Routing Protocol Configurations
- 3.3 Simulation of AODV using an IoT Scenario
- 3.4 Simulation of OLSR using an IoT Scenario
- 3.5 Simulation of DSR using an IoT Scenario
- 3.6 Network Simulator - 3 (NS3)
- 3.7 Simulation of AODV, DSR and OLSR using NS3
- CHAPTER 4 - DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
- 4.1 Performance Metrics
- 4.1.1 Routing Overhead
- 4.1.2 Average End to End Delay
- 4.1.3 Throughput
- 4.1.4 Mobility and Distribution of Nodes
- 4.1.5 Parameters for OPNET Simulation
- 4.1.6 Simulation Parameters for NS3 Simulation
- 4.2 OPNET Simulation Results
- 4.3 Discussion of OPNET Results
- 4.3.1 Discussion on Routing Overhead
- 4.3.2 Discussion on Average End to End Delay
- 4.3.3 Discussion on Throughput
- 4.3.4 Discussion on the Routing Protocols
- 4.4 NS3 Simulation Results
- 4.5 Discussion of NS3 Results
Objectives and Key Themes
This thesis aims to analyze and compare the performance of three Wireless Sensor Networks routing protocols – AODV, DSR, and OLSR – in typical IoT scenarios. The study evaluates their performance using key metrics and explores how these protocols perform under varying network conditions, including different numbers of nodes and varying levels of node mobility.
- Performance comparison of AODV, DSR, and OLSR routing protocols in IoT.
- Impact of node mobility on routing protocol performance.
- Analysis of routing overhead, average end-to-end delay, and throughput.
- Evaluation of the suitability of different protocols for various IoT applications.
- Comparison of simulation results obtained using OPNET and NS-3.
Chapter Summaries
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION: This introductory chapter sets the stage for the thesis. It establishes the context by highlighting the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the consequent increase in complexity, particularly regarding routing issues. The chapter clearly states the problem statement, which focuses on the need for efficient and reliable routing protocols in IoT networks. The aim of the study, research questions, significance of the research, and the thesis outline are also presented, providing a roadmap for the subsequent chapters. The introduction effectively lays the groundwork for the in-depth analysis of routing protocols to follow.
CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW: This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of existing literature related to the Internet of Things (IoT), its applications (smart homes, smart cities, etc.), and the challenges associated with IoT routing. It discusses various routing protocols and techniques used in IoT and justifies the selection of AODV, DSR, and OLSR for this particular study. The chapter also touches upon the use of simulation in evaluating network protocols, preparing the reader for the methodological details discussed in later chapters. This in-depth review offers context and theoretical background for the empirical work to follow.
CHAPTER 3 - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: This chapter delves into the methodology employed in the thesis. It details the simulation process, outlining the steps involved in simulating AODV, DSR, and OLSR using two different simulation tools, OPNET and NS-3. The chapter describes the specifics of the simulation environment, including the parameters used, network size, and the number of nodes considered. By providing a thorough explanation of the methodology, the chapter builds credibility and transparency, allowing for reproducibility and evaluation of the study's results. The use of both OPNET and NS-3 is justified to offer a broader perspective on the simulations’ outcomes.
CHAPTER 4 - DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS: This chapter presents a detailed analysis of the simulation results obtained using OPNET and NS-3. It focuses on the three performance metrics—routing overhead, average end-to-end delay, and throughput—analyzing how these metrics vary with different numbers of nodes and varying levels of node mobility. The chapter compares the performance of the three routing protocols (AODV, DSR, and OLSR) across these different scenarios and offers insightful discussions on the observed trends and patterns. This detailed analysis forms the core of the thesis, providing empirical evidence to support the conclusions drawn.
Keywords
IoT, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), routing protocols, AODV, DSR, OLSR, OPNET, NS-3, simulation, performance evaluation, routing overhead, average end-to-end delay, throughput, node mobility.
Frequently Asked Questions: A Performance Comparison of AODV, DSR, and OLSR Routing Protocols in IoT Scenarios
What is the main topic of this thesis?
This thesis analyzes and compares the performance of three wireless sensor network (WSN) routing protocols – AODV, DSR, and OLSR – in typical Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios. It evaluates their performance using key metrics (routing overhead, average end-to-end delay, and throughput) and explores how these protocols perform under varying network conditions.
What are the key objectives of this study?
The key objectives include comparing the performance of AODV, DSR, and OLSR in IoT; analyzing the impact of node mobility on routing protocol performance; evaluating routing overhead, average end-to-end delay, and throughput; determining the suitability of different protocols for various IoT applications; and comparing simulation results from OPNET and NS-3.
Which routing protocols are compared in this thesis?
The thesis compares the performance of three routing protocols: AODV (Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing), DSR (Dynamic Source Routing), and OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing).
What performance metrics are used to evaluate the routing protocols?
The study uses three key performance metrics: routing overhead, average end-to-end delay, and throughput. These metrics are analyzed under varying network conditions such as different numbers of nodes and varying levels of node mobility.
What simulation tools are used in this study?
The thesis utilizes two different network simulators: OPNET Modeler Suite and NS-3 (Network Simulator 3). Simulations are performed using both tools to provide a more robust and comprehensive analysis.
What IoT scenarios are considered in the simulations?
While not explicitly detailed, the simulations consider typical IoT scenarios, likely involving varying numbers of nodes and levels of node mobility to represent diverse real-world applications. Specific application examples mentioned in the literature review include Smart Homes, Smart Cities, Smart Grids, Industrial Automation, Wearables, and Smart Agriculture.
How is the thesis structured?
The thesis is structured into four chapters: Chapter 1 (Introduction) sets the context and outlines the research; Chapter 2 (Literature Review) provides background information on IoT and routing protocols; Chapter 3 (Research Methodology) details the simulation process using OPNET and NS-3; and Chapter 4 (Data Analysis and Discussion of Findings) presents and discusses the simulation results.
What are the key findings of this thesis (in general terms)?
The key findings, detailed in Chapter 4, involve a comparison of the performance of AODV, DSR, and OLSR based on the three performance metrics (routing overhead, average end-to-end delay, and throughput) across different simulation scenarios using OPNET and NS-3. The discussion analyzes the performance differences between the three protocols under varying network conditions.
What are the key applications of this research?
This research is applicable to the design and implementation of efficient and reliable routing protocols for various IoT applications. The findings can inform decisions on which protocol is most suitable for specific IoT deployments based on the network characteristics and performance requirements.
What are the keywords associated with this thesis?
The keywords include IoT, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), routing protocols, AODV, DSR, OLSR, OPNET, NS-3, simulation, performance evaluation, routing overhead, average end-to-end delay, throughput, and node mobility.
- Quote paper
- Polycarp Yakoi (Author), 2018, Wireless sensor networks protocols in IoT. A performance evaluation and comparison, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/957054
