In this thesis, three Wireless Sensor Networks – Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector, Dynamic Source routing protocol and Optimized Link State routing protocol have been simulated and compared in typical IoT scenarios.
Their performance was evaluated using three performance metrics and then they were compared; the performance metrics are Routing Overhead, Average End to End Delay and Throughput. Different number of nodes with different percentages of mobile nodes were analyzed. Specifically, number of nodes analyzed were 20, 40, 60 and 70 with the number of mobile nodes 10, 15 and 20 using OPNET while with NS 3 20, 60 and 100 nodes were analyzed. For each of the number of nodes, all the number of mobile nodes were evaluated. The routing protocols were analyzed using the OPNET Simulation Software and NS-3and the environment size for the simulation was 1000m by 1000m.
IoT has continue to grow bigger since from its inception. Many mobile devices are now available, the internet and its application have only grown bigger and better. As IoT is continually growing, so also is the complexity, as a result issues pertaining routing have also increased. Many researches have been made in attempt to proffer solutions that will either minimize or eliminate these routing issues. Different routing protocols have been designed with different specifications for different applications of the IoT. Also, attempts have been made to implement routing protocols of other types of networks in the IoT.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
1.1 Problem statement
1.2 Aim of study
1.3 Research questions or hypothesis
1.4 Significance of study
1.5 Thesis outline
CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Internet of Things
2.2 Applications of IoT
2.2.1 Smart Homes
2.2.2 Smart City
2.2.3 Smart Grid
2.2.4 Industrial Automation
2.2.5 Wearables
2.2.6 Smart Agriculture
2.2.7 A Short Study on the new CIU Science & Technology Building
2.3 Issues in IoT
2.4 Routing in IoT
2.4.1 Data Routing Issues
2.4.2 Routing Protocols and Techniques in IoT
2.5 Why AODV, DSR and OLSR?
2.6 Simulation
CHAPTER 3 - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Simulation of AODV, DSR and OLSR
3.2 OPNET Modeler Suite
3.2.2 Hierarchical Structure of OPNET
3.2.3 MANET Node Models in OPNET
3.2.4 Routing Protocol Configurations
3.3 Simulation of AODV using an IoT Scenario
3.4 Simulation of OLSR using an IoT Scenario
3.5 Simulation of DSR using an IoT Scenario
3.6 Network Simulator – 3 (NS3)
3.7 Simulation of AODV, DSR and OLSR using NS3
CHAPTER 4 - DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
4.1 Performance Metrics
4.1.1 Routing Overhead
4.1.2 Average End to End Delay
4.1.3 Throughput
4.1.4 Mobility and Distribution of Nodes
4.1.5 Parameters for OPNET Simulation
4.1.6 Simulation Parameters for NS3 Simulation
4.2 OPNET Simulation Results
4.3 Discussion of OPNET Results
4.3.1 Discussion on Routing Overhead
4.3.2 Discussion on Average End to End Delay
4.3.3 Discussion on Throughput
4.3.4 Discussion on the Routing Protocols
4.4 NS3 Simulation Results
4.5 Discussion of NS3 Results
CHAPTER 5 - CONCLUSION
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation
5.3 Future Work
Objectives and Scope
The primary objective of this thesis is to perform a comprehensive performance analysis and comparison of three prominent Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) routing protocols—Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR)—within the context of Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios, in order to determine their suitability for diverse IoT applications.
- Simulation and evaluation of AODV, DSR, and OLSR protocols using OPNET Modeler and NS-3.
- Assessment based on key performance metrics: Routing Overhead, Average End-to-End Delay, and Throughput.
- Analysis of protocol performance under varying network densities and node mobility conditions.
- Comparative study to identify the trade-offs between reactive and proactive routing approaches in IoT.
- Formulation of recommendations regarding the application of these specific protocols based on IoT operational requirements.
Excerpt from the book
2.4.1 Data Routing Issues
Data routing in the IoT is a very important subject, in fact, its importance can never be overemphasised. This is due to the only fact that data is always the centre and most important in almost every field or company or organisation. Usually, questions are asked about the data, it may be routed for sending the data, how the data will be sent, availability, data integrity, security and privacy. Every of these reasons is very vital in its own right; there have been many forms of studies on all of them.
Whenever data is involved in any process, three questions always pop up – data integrity, security and privacy. These always come up because people are concerned about the authenticity of the data they get, how secure it is and also they do not want their data shared with someone else. Another vital question also asked always especially by big companies is availability, everyone needs to get whatever data they need instantaneously.
In order to answer or try to answer these questions and many others that have been or are being asked in IoT about routing, researchers have done great work in providing some routing protocols for the IoT. Also, protocols in other fields such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been used in IoT to solve routing issues. Within the subsequent section, protocols for routing in the IoT will be discussed. A number of these are RPL, Naive routing protocol, Probabilistic routing protocol, 6LoWPAN, e.t.c.
Summary of Chapters
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION: This chapter provides an overview of the growth of IoT and highlights the critical challenges regarding data routing, security, and scalability that form the basis for this research.
CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW: This chapter reviews the fundamental concepts of IoT applications, identifies major routing issues, and provides a detailed technical overview of various routing protocols used in WSNs and IoT environments.
CHAPTER 3 - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: This chapter details the experimental setup, describing the use of OPNET Modeler and NS-3 simulators to implement and test the selected routing protocols under various IoT scenarios.
CHAPTER 4 - DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS: This chapter presents the quantitative results from the simulations, analyzing performance metrics such as routing overhead, delay, and throughput across different node densities and mobility models.
CHAPTER 5 - CONCLUSION: This chapter summarizes the research findings, concludes that no single protocol is optimal for all cases, and provides recommendations for protocol selection based on specific network priorities.
Keywords
IoT, WSN, Routing Protocols, AODV, DSR, OLSR, OPNET, NS-3, Throughput, Routing Overhead, End-to-End Delay, Network Simulation, Mobility, Scalability, Data Integrity.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research?
The research focuses on the performance analysis and comparison of three specific WSN routing protocols (AODV, DSR, and OLSR) when applied within Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios.
What are the primary performance metrics used in this study?
The protocols are evaluated based on three main metrics: Routing Overhead (measure of control traffic), Average End-to-End Delay (latency), and Throughput (data delivery efficiency).
What is the ultimate research question?
The central question is whether traditional WSN routing protocols can be effectively utilized in IoT environments and, if so, under which specific circumstances they perform best.
Which simulation tools were utilized?
The study employed the OPNET Modeler Suite and Network Simulator 3 (NS-3) to conduct simulations and gather experimental data.
How does node mobility affect the routing protocols?
The study investigates the impact of varying numbers of mobile nodes on the performance metrics of the routing protocols to observe how they adapt to dynamic network topologies.
What is the significance of the findings for IoT development?
The findings help developers and researchers choose the appropriate routing protocol based on the application's priority, such as whether energy conservation (low overhead) or high-quality communication (high throughput) is more critical.
Why are AODV and DSR considered reactive protocols?
They are classified as reactive because they initiate route discovery only when a node needs to send data, rather than maintaining constant updates, which helps reduce certain types of network overhead.
How does OLSR differ from AODV and DSR?
As a proactive protocol, OLSR continuously maintains route information through periodic updates, which allows for potentially lower end-to-end delay but different overhead characteristics compared to on-demand reactive protocols.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Polycarp Yakoi (Autor:in), 2018, Wireless sensor networks protocols in IoT. A performance evaluation and comparison, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/957054
