Objectives of this studie are: to determine the Phytochemical constituents of the seed extract, to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of Cleome viscosa seed extract against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in experimental animal models, to determine the antioxidant activity of the seed extract of Cleome viscosa and to compare the antioxidant potential of the extract with the standard.
Liver diseases are mainly caused by toxic chemicals, over dose of drugs such as carbon tetrachloride and excessive consumption of alcohol. Previous studies have shown that liver damages have been induced by hepatotoxic chemicals such as carbon tetrachloride. This give rise to serum level AST and ALT and cholesterol which give rise to damage of structural integrity of the liver cells.
Cellular ageing and inflammatory diseases have been caused by free radicals. Free radicals are reactive species of oxygen. Free radicals also lead to oxidative stress which is defined as loss of balance between oxidizing and antioxidant agents within the cell.
The plant has traditionally been used for hepatoprotective activities, hence this research intends to validate the plant hepatoprotective activity. The abundance and the numerous medicinal properties of the plant has also urge us to undertake this study.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1BACKGROUND
1.2 PROBLEMS STATEMENT/JUSTIFICATION
1.3 AIM OF PROJECT WORK
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT WORK
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF PROJECT WORK
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 ANTIOXIDANT STUDY
2.1.1 Mechanism of Antioxidants
2.1.2 Classification of Antioxidants
2.1.3 Concept of Oxidative Stress
2.1.5 Generation of Free Radicals
2.1.6 Uses of Antioxidants in Technology
2.1.7 Methods of Antioxidant Capacity Determination
2.2.1 Mechanism of Hepatotoxicity
2.2.3 Drug metabolism in the liver
2.2.5 Diagnosis of Liver Damage
2.2.9 Over View of Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatoprotective Model
2.3.1 Alkaloids
2.3.2 Glycosides
2.3.6 Terpenes
2.3.7 Steroids
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 MATERIALS
3.1.1 Plant samples, experimental animals and DNA sample
3.2.1 Collection and Processing Of Sample
3.2.2 Identification and authentication
3.2.3 Preparation of ethanolic seed extract of cleome viscosa plant
3.2.4 Qualitative phytochemical screening
3.2.5 Hepatoprotective Test
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 QUALITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING
4.2.1 DPPH Radical Scavenging assay
4.2.3 DNA Protection Assay
4.3 HEPATOPROTECIVE ACTIVITY
4.3.2 Weight of Wistar Albino Rats before the Experiment
4.3.3 Weight of Wistar Albino Rats after the Experiment Period.
4.3.4 Effect of Cleome viscosa extract on serum level (AST) against carbon tetrachloride induced liver toxicity in normal albino rats
4.5 CONCLUSION
Project Goals and Thematic Areas
The primary aim of this research is to investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of Cleome viscosa seed extract. The study focuses on evaluating the plant's ability to protect liver tissue from damage, specifically against toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride, and to analyze its potential as a therapeutic agent through various biochemical and histopathological assessments.
- Phytochemical analysis of Cleome viscosa seed constituents.
- Evaluation of antioxidant capacity using DPPH radical scavenging and DNA protection assays.
- Assessment of hepatoprotective activity using in vivo carbon tetrachloride-induced liver toxicity models in Wistar albino rats.
- Histopathological examination of liver tissue to confirm protective effects.
- Comparison of the extract's efficacy against standard hepatoprotective agents like silymarin.
Excerpt from the Book
2.1 ANTIOXIDANT STUDY
An antioxidant is a substance that slows down or inhibits oxidation reaction, especially in biological materials or within cells thereby reducing spoilage or preventing cell damage. The main function of antioxidant is trapping the free radical particularly reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species which are involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic and degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, aging- related disorders and cancer. Antioxidant works by slowing or preventing the oxidation of other molecules by free radicals. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that transfers electrons from a substance to an oxidizing agent. Oxidation reaction produces free radicals, which starts chain reaction that damage cells. Antioxidant terminates these chain reactions by removing free radicals intermediate and inhibits other oxidation reaction by being oxidized themselves (Droge, 2002).
In healthy individuals, free radicals and other reactive oxygen species are neutralized by antioxidant defense mechanism in the body, including superoxide dismutase and glutathione. However, endogenous systems may not provide sufficient protection in individuals suffering from certain disease; in such cases help from exogenous sources is important (Lee et al., 2004). To overcome this problem, antioxidant compounds in plants have been promoted as having an important role as a health-protecting factor. Hence in recent years, lots of researches have been conducted in order to investigate the natural antioxidant activity of plant extracts.
Chapter Summaries
CHAPTER ONE: Provides an introduction to Cleome viscosa, detailing its botanical background, medicinal usage, and the rationale for investigating its hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential.
CHAPTER TWO: Reviews existing literature on antioxidants, oxidative stress, liver damage (hepatotoxicity), and the chemical constituents and ecological distribution of Cleome viscosa.
CHAPTER THREE: Describes the materials and experimental methods used, including plant collection, extraction procedures, phytochemical screening, and the experimental setup for assessing hepatoprotective activity in rats.
CHAPTER FOUR: Presents and discusses the experimental findings regarding the phytochemical composition, antioxidant assays, and the impact of the plant extract on biochemical liver markers and histopathology.
Keywords
Cleome viscosa, hepatoprotective activity, antioxidant, carbon tetrachloride, DPPH assay, DNA protection, phytochemical screening, flavonoids, oxidative stress, liver toxicity, Wistar albino rats, silymarin, secondary metabolites, histopathology, serum enzymes.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary focus of this research?
This study focuses on evaluating the medicinal potential of Cleome viscosa seed extract, specifically its ability to act as an antioxidant and protect the liver from chemical-induced toxicity.
What are the key themes addressed in the work?
The key themes include the phytochemical composition of the seeds, the mechanisms of oxidative stress and liver damage, and the validation of traditional medicinal claims regarding the plant's protective effects.
What is the core research goal?
The primary goal is to study the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of Cleome viscosa seed extract against liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in experimental animal models.
Which scientific methods were employed in the study?
The research employed phytochemical screening, in vitro antioxidant assays (DPPH scavenging and DNA protection), in vivo liver toxicity tests using carbon tetrachloride, and histopathological analysis of liver tissue.
What does the main body cover?
The main body covers the theoretical background of antioxidants and liver damage, detailed protocols for extract preparation and testing, and a comprehensive analysis of the results observed in the animal studies.
Which keywords characterize this study?
Important keywords include Cleome viscosa, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, carbon tetrachloride, phytochemical screening, and oxidative stress.
How was liver damage induced in the animal models?
Liver damage was induced in Wistar albino rats through the administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), a known hepatotoxin that causes oxidative stress and cell necrosis.
What were the findings regarding the histopathological impact of the extract?
Histological analysis showed that Cleome viscosa extract, particularly at a 400 mg/kg dose, significantly improved liver architecture, reduced steatosis (fatty liver), and mitigated cellular degeneration compared to rats treated with CCl4 alone.
- Quote paper
- Emmanuel Asiedu (Author), 2018, A study on the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of Cleome Viscosa Seed Extract, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/981373
