The aim of this research was to synthesize and study batch properties of zeolite synthesized from Bagasse fly ash and its derived zeolitic material. To achieve this, a study was carried out with the following objectives. To synthesize zeolites from Bagasse fly ash solution via microwave assisted hydrothermal synthesis process. To study the effect of adding electrolyte and electrolyte with sodium silicate to BFA solution towards the development of zeolitic material. To investigate the effects of adding sodium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide plus sodium meta silicate for activation of BFA. To examine the structural characteristic of the synthetic zeolite produced (i.e. morphology, physico-chemical and phases identification) via XRF, SEM, FTIR, PXRD, TGA, BET and BJH and to evaluate the sorption capacity of the synthesized zeolitic material using aqueous solution of aromatic compounds
Researchers in science and engineering have increased interest in finding low-cost adsorbents such as industrial sludge waste, biomass, husk, slag, carbon slurry, bagasse fly ash (BFA), etc. to remove inorganic and organic pollutants from wastewater. There are many researcher results which were done on BFA for the removal of pesticide, dye, phenol etc but during survey of literature no research work is done on the removal of aniline, nitrobenzene and para nitroaniline using BFA and its derived zeolitic materials. Zeolites are aluminosilicates crystalline materials which contain pores and cavities of molecular dimensions. Many occur as natural minerals, but it is the synthetic varieties which are among the most widely used sorbents.
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW
1.1 General Overview
1.2 Literature Review
1.3 Aim and Objective of the present work
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Materials and Methods
2.2 Synthesis of Zeolitic materials
2.3 Physical Characteristics of Sorbents
2.4 Sorption Studies
3. SPECTRAL ANALYSIS
3.1 Instrumentation and Methods
3.1.1 X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
3.1.2 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
3.1.3 Powder X-ray Diffraction
3.1.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy
3.2 Results and Interpretation
4. THERMAL ANALYSIS
4.1 Experimental
4.2 Results and Discussion
4.2.1 Thermal stability
4.2.2 Evaluation of Kinetic Parameters
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5.1 Physical Characteristics of Sorbents
5.2 Sorption Studies
5.2.1 Optimization of Operational Variables
5.2.2 Modeling of Sorption Isotherms
5.2.3 Sorption Dynamics
6. COLUMN DYNAMICS AND APPLICATIONS
Objectives and Research Scope
The primary objective of this research is to utilize sugar industry waste, specifically Bagasse fly ash (BFA), by transforming it into cost-effective zeolitic adsorbents for the effective removal of hazardous aromatic pollutants such as aniline, nitrobenzene, and para-nitroaniline from aqueous solutions.
- Synthesis of zeolitic materials from BFA via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal process.
- Characterization of the structural, morphological, and physicochemical properties of the synthesized adsorbents.
- Evaluation of batch sorption performance, including the study of operational variables like pH, contact time, and temperature.
- Assessment of column dynamics to determine practical applicability for industrial wastewater treatment.
Excerpt from the Thesis
Aromatic pollutants
The aromatic compounds, particularly phenol, aniline, and their derivatives (chloroanilines, nitroanilines, and chlorophenols), nitrobenzene are largely used in industrial productions of pigments, pharmaceutical, dyes, and pesticides; as a reagent or in synthesis of intermediates etc. and can be found at high concentrations in surface water contaminated by industrial wastes. Their concentration in water and soils is continuously increasing, due to their low degradability and large diffusion [3, 4]. Moreover the nitro aromatic compounds due to the presence of a nitro group in the aromatic ring, for example para-Nitroaniline is resistant to chemical and biological oxidation, degradation, and the anaerobic degradation produces nitroso and hydroxylamines compounds which are secondary pollutants [5, 6]. Further reductive splitting of azo dyes produces aniline and p-phenyl diamine. For example Ponceau SS, Sudan III, and Disperse Yellow 7 are capable of splitting p-phenylenediamine and aniline, while Mordant Orange 1 and Disperse Orange 3 can split only p-phenylenediamine. The structures of the azo dyes are shown below in Figure 1.2 [7].
Summary of Chapters
1. INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW: This chapter surveys environmental pollution, specifically water pollution by industrial effluents containing aromatic compounds, and outlines the research objectives.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This chapter details the experimental procedures for synthesizing zeolitic materials from BFA using microwave-assisted alkali activation.
3. SPECTRAL ANALYSIS: This chapter covers the characterization of sorbents using techniques such as XRF, FTIR, PXRD, and SEM to analyze their composition and structure.
4. THERMAL ANALYSIS: This chapter describes the thermal stability of the sorbents and evaluates kinetic parameters using the Coats and Redfern method.
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: This chapter analyzes the physical characteristics of the sorbents and discusses batch sorption experiments, isotherms, and kinetics.
6. COLUMN DYNAMICS AND APPLICATIONS: This chapter focuses on the utilization of BFA-based zeolitic materials in fixed-bed columns for the removal of aromatic pollutants as a pilot study.
Keywords
Bagasse fly ash, BFA, Zeolite, Adsorption, Aniline, Nitrobenzene, p-Nitroaniline, Water treatment, Microwave synthesis, Wastewater, Sorption isotherms, Kinetic studies, Column dynamics, Heavy metals, Environmental pollution.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary focus of this research?
The research focuses on the synthesis of low-cost zeolitic materials from sugar industry waste (Bagasse fly ash) to effectively remove toxic aromatic compounds from wastewater.
What are the key pollutants being addressed?
The work primarily investigates the removal of aniline, nitrobenzene, and para-nitroaniline, which are hazardous aromatic pollutants found in various industrial wastewaters.
What is the main objective of the thesis?
The main objective is to provide an efficient and cost-effective alternative to expensive commercial activated carbons for the treatment of aqueous solutions contaminated with aromatic organic pollutants.
Which scientific methods are utilized for synthesis?
The synthesis employs a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method for treating Bagasse fly ash with alkaline solutions, potentially including electrolytes like sodium silicate and barium chloride.
What does the experimental part cover?
The experimental work includes characterizing the synthesized adsorbents (XRF, SEM, FTIR, PXRD) and conducting batch as well as column studies to test sorption efficiency.
What are the central research keywords?
Key terms include Bagasse fly ash, adsorption, zeolites, aniline, nitrobenzene, water pollution, and microwave-assisted synthesis.
Why is microwave-assisted synthesis used in this study?
Microwave heating is used because it is superior to conventional heating in accelerating reaction rates, improving yields, and selectively activating specific reaction pathways.
What specific findings regarding thermal analysis are presented?
The study determines the thermal stability of BFA-based materials, finding that they follow second-order kinetics and show higher residue percentages compared to raw BFA, indicating greater thermal stability.
How is the breakthrough curve used in this research?
The breakthrough curve is used in the column studies to evaluate the dynamic performance and capacity of the fixed-bed columns for industrial application.
What role do the FTIR spectra play in the research?
FTIR spectra are used to identify the functional groups on the surface of the sorbents and to observe changes after the adsorption of aniline, nitrobenzene, and para-nitroaniline.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Dr.Amare Ayalew Abebe (Autor:in), 2016, Confiscation of aromatic compounds. Microwave synthesized electrolyte treated and Si/Al enhanced mesoporous zeolitic materials originated from sugar industry detritus, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/997878
