,QKDOWVYHU]HLFKQLVV

(LQOHLWXQJJ

Å/DVVHQVLHXQVPHKU)UHLKHLWZDJHQQ´ LVWWGLH$XIIRUGHUXQJJGHUGHXWVFKHQQ%XQGHV NDQ]OHULQQ LQ LKUHU 5HJLHUXQJVHUNOlUXQJ GHV -DKUHVV 'HU %HJULIII GHUU )UHLKHLW KDWHLQHODQJH*HVFKLFKWHLPSROLWLVFKHQ'LVNXUVXQGGLHHEHQ]LWLHUWHQ:RUWHVLQG QXU HLQ %HLVSLHO IU VHLQH LPPHUZlKUHQGH $NWXDOLWlW (LQ %HJULII GHU ]XPHLVW DOV VHOEVWYHUVWlQGOLFK HPSIXQGHQ ZLUG 'RFK ZHOFKHH %HGHXWXQJ EHJOHLWHW GLHH )RUGH UXQJPHKUU)UHLKHLW]XZDJHQ"

'LHH.RPSOH[LWlWWGLHVHV%HJULIIHVVNDQQQVFKQHOOYHUORUHQQJHKHQZHQQQHU]XXHL QHU UHLQHQQ SROLWLVFKHQ )ORVNHO YHUNRPPW 'LH *HVFKLFKWHH JLEWW HLQHH )OOH YRQ %HL VSLHOHQQGDIUGDVVVPDQQGLH9LHOIlOWLJNHLWWLJQRULHUHQQXQGGVWDUNNVLPSOLIL]LHUWH9RUVWHO OXQJHQ GHU )UHLKHLW SURSDJLHUHQ NDQQ 'RFK ZHOFKHH hEHUOHJXQJHQ VWHKHQ KLQWHU GLHVHP%HJULIIGHUDOOJHJHQZlUWLJVFKHLQWXQGGGRFKVFKZHUU]XIDVVHQLVW" 'LHH.lPSIHXPGLHH)UHLKHLWWVLQGIUGHQQ*UR‰WHLOGHU(XURSlHU²²XQGQDWU OLFKKQLFKWWQXUIUGLHVHH²²ZHVHQWOLFKKKLVWRULVFKH1LFKWVGHVWRWURW]EOHLEWWHVVHLQQZH VHQWOLFKHU%HJULIIGHU.XOWXUGHUVLFKZRKOOHUVWLQQVHLQHU(QWZLFNOXQJVJHVFKLFKWHLQ YROOHP 0D‰H IDVVHQ OlVVW 'LHH )RUGHUXQJ GHU )UHLKHLW EHJOHLWHWW GDV SROLWLVFKHH 'HQ NHQQGXUFKKVHLQHHJHVDPWH*HVFKLFKWH'RFKKGLH)UDJHGHU8PVHW]XQJJXQGG2UJDQLVD WLRQHLQHVV*HPHLQZHVHQVGDVVGLHVH)RUGHUXQJJHUIOOWLVWWVWHWVVHLQ$QUHL]]XQG%H JLQQ GHU *HGDQNHQ YLHOHU 'HQNHU 2KQH GLHVH LQ %HWUDFKW ]X ]LHKHQ HUVFKHLQW HV SUREOHPDWLVFKK HWZDVV ]XX ZDJHQ ZRYRQ HVV VFKZLHULJJ LVWW JHQDX $XVNXQIWW ]XJHEHQ ZDVVHLJHQWOLFKJHPHLQWVHL

'LH YRUOLHJHQGH $UEHLW LVW GXUFK GDV ,QWHUHVVH DQ GLHVHU (QWZLFNOXQJV JHVFKLFKWHDQQGHQ)UDJHQQXQGGHUHQQ%HDQWZRUWXQJPRWLYLHUW6LHVROOLPPJHJHEHQHQQ 5DKPHQXQWHUVXFKHQREXQGLQZLHZHLWGLH)UHLKHLWWDOVVVHOEVWYHUVWl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|VXQJHQ DQJHJDQ JHQQZHUGHQNDQQ

¹ Angela, Merkel, Angela Merkel: Erste Regierungserklärung der Bundeskanzlerin, in: mitmischen. Das Ju-gendportal des deutschen Bundestages, URL: [http://www.mitmischen.de/index.php/Informativ/WissePur/ site/ RedenDokumente/page/4] (06. März 2009).

1

--5RXVVHDXXVWHOOWHLQHQQKHUDXVUDJHQGHQ'HQNHUGDUGDHUPLWVHLQHUUD GLNDOHQ)RUGHUXQJQDFKGHU)UHLKHLWGHV(LQ]HOQHQXQGGHUU%HWHLOLJXQJ$OOHUUDQGHU SROLWLVFKHQQ 0DFKW ZHLW EHU VHLQH =HLWW KLQDXVJHKW hEHUGLHV IRUGHUWW HUU GHQQ 0HQ VFKHQQ ]XU 6HOEVWYHUDQWZRUWXQJJ DXI XQGG HQWZLFNHOWW HLQQ 6WDDWVPRGHOO GDV GLHVHP $QVSUXFK YHUVXFKW JHUHFKW ]X ZHUGHQ 'LHVV DOOHLQ UHFKWIHUWLJW EHUHLWV HLQH QlKHUH $XVHLQDQGHUVHW]XQJPLWWVHLQHQQ*HGDQNHQQLFKWW]XOHW]WWGDKHUGDVVVVLHHRIWWVFKOLFKW DOVXWRSLVFKDEJHWDQZHUGHQ

'HUU$XWRUUGHV*HVHOOVFKDIWVYHUWUDJHVELOGHWWDXI*UXQGGGLHVHVV$QVSUXFKVVGHQQ .HUQGLHVHUU$UEHLW'DUEHUUKLQDXVLVWGLH6WHOOXQJ--5RXVVHDXXXQWHUUGHQ.ODV VLNHUQ GHV SROLWLVFKHQ 'HQNHQV XQEH]ZHLIHOEDU ZDV GLH (QWVFKHLGXQJ IU GLHVHQ $XWRU ]XVlW]OLFK EHJUQGHW 'LH 2UJDQLVDWLRQ GHU %HWHLOXQJ GHUU %HY|ONHUXQJ DQQ LKUHU5HJLHUXQJE]ZGHUSROLWLVFKHQ0DFKWLVWHEHQVRZLHGLH)RUGHUXQJQDFKGHU 5HFKWPl‰LJNHLW YRQ +HUUVFKDIW HLQ VWHWV DNWXHOOHV 7KHPD $OOHH GLHVHH $VSHNWHHWUHI IHQ OHW]WOLFKK LQQ GHU $XVHLQDQGHUVHW]XQJ PLWW GHP %HJULII GHU )UHLKHLWW ]XVDPPHQ --5RXVVHDXVVHUVWH%HGLQJXQJLVWWGLH)UHLKHLWXQGGVHLQHhEHUOHJXQJHQQ]LHOHQQDXI GLH 6FKDIIXQJ YRQ 9HUKlOWQLVVHQ GLH GLHVH UHFKWPl‰LJJ XQGG YRQ $OOHQQ OHJLWLPLHUW HUKDOWHQ'HQQRFKKHUJHEHQQVLFKXQJHDKQWH*HIDKUHQGHUHQQ$XIO|VXQJELVZHLOHQQ]X (UJHEQLVVHQIKUHQNDQQGLHGHP=LHOGHUU)UHLKHLWGLDPHWUDOHQWJHJHQVWHKHQ *HOLQJWW HVV GHU $UEHLWW DQKDQGG GLHVHVV %HLVSLHOVV ]X ]HLJHQ GDVVV WURW]] KHKUHU =LHOHXQGHLQHPIUVLFKKJHQRPPHQHQQYHUQQIWLJHQQ$QVSUXFKGLH*HIDKUJUR‰‰LVW GLH]XHUUHLFKHQGHQQ=LHOHJlQ]OLFKKDXVVGHP%OLFNN]XXYHUOLHUHQVRRKDWWVLHHLKUH$XIJD EH HUIOOW 'HQQQ GLHV GDVVV ZLUG ]XX ]HLJHQ VHLQ JHVFKLHKWW LQQ GHU 6WDDWVNRQ]HSWLRQ --5RXVVHDXVWURW]−RGHUUJHUDGHZHJHQ−GHVUDGLNDOHQQ(LQWUHWHQVVIUGLH)UHL KHLW

'LH8QWHUVXFKXQJJZLUGVLFKKKDXSWVlFKOLFKKPLWWGHP*HVHOOVFKDIWVYHUWUDJEHIDVVHQ GD GLHVHUU GLH ]HQWUDOHQ *HGDQNHQ --5RXVVHDXV ZLHGHUJLEW 'HV :HLWHUHQ ZLUGG HLQH9HURUWXQJLQGHU*HVFKLFKWHGHU'HQNHUYHUVXFKWGLHVLFKLQGHU7UDGLWLRQGHU 9HUWUDJVLGHHHEHILQGHQ'LHHhEHUOHJXQJHQ7KRPDVV+REEHVXQG-RKQQ/RFNHVVZHUGHQ ]XX GLHVHP =ZHFN VNL]]LHUW XPLP 9HUJOHLFK PLWW --5RXVVHDXGHVVHQQ*HGDQNHQ LQQGHQQ|WLJHQQ.RQWH[WVHW]HQQ]XXN|QQH'LHVHQQhEHUOHJXQJHQQZLUGG]XGHPHLQQHLQ OHLWHQGHV.DSLWHOEHUGHQQ%HJULIIGHU)UHLKHLWYRUDQJHVWHOOWGDVVGHQQJUXQGOHJHQGHQ 5DKPHQYRUJHEHQVROO'LHVHUZLUGVLFKQLFKWGLUHNWDXIGLHYRUOLHJHQGH$UEHLWDQ ZHQGHQODVVHQVROOODEHUGLH9LHOIlOWLJNHLWGHU]XEHGHQNHQGHQQ)DNWRUHQLP8QJDQJ PLWW GHP %HJULII GHU )UHLKHLWW GHXWOLFK PDFKHQ 6FKOLH‰OLFKK ZLUG GLH :HLWHUHQWZLFN OXQJJURXVVHDXVFKHU*HGDQNHQQEHLL,PPDQXHOO.DQWWVNL]]LHUWWXQGGLQ--5RXVVHDXV .RQ]HSWLRQ ]XUFNYHUVHW]WW ZHUGHQ 'LHVHH 9RUJHKHQVZHLVH VROOO GLH 9HURUWXQJJ GHV

2

$XWRUVVLQGHU3KLORVRSKLHJHVFKLFKWHDEVFKOLH‰HQ'DUEHUKLQDXVDEHUGHQ9HUVXFKK GDUVWHOOHQ DXI]X]HLJHQ GDVV GLH ]HQWUDOHQQ hEHUOHJXQJHQ -−-5RXVVHDXV VRZLH GLH .RQ]HSWLRQ LP *DQ]HQ QLFKW RKQH :HLWHUHVV DOVV 8WRSLHQQ DEJHWDQQ ZHUGHQ N|Q QHQVRQGHUQLP.HUQGXUFKDXVZHJZHLVHQGIUGHQSROLWLVFKHQ'LVNXUVLP$OOJH PHLQHQJHZHVHQVLQGGXQGGVHLQN|QQHQ

'HUU*HVHOOVFKDIWVYHUWUDJZLUGGPLWGHU$EVLFKWGDUJVWHOOWHLQHUVHLWVGLH6WUXN WXU GHVV URXVVHDXVFKHQQ 6WDDWHVV XQGG DQGHUHUVHLWV GLH IU GHQ %HJULII GHU )UHLKHLW UHOHYDQWHQQ*HGDQNHQGHXWOLFKKHUYRU]XKHEHQ'HPHQWVSUHFKHQGZLUGLP)ROJHQGHQ NHLQHH JHQDXH 7H[WLQWHUSUHWDWLRQQ YRUJHVWHOOW GLH VLFKK DP $XIEDX GHVV 7H[WHV VHOEVW RULHQWLHUW 9LHOPHKU HUIROJWW HLQH 5DIIXQJJ XQGG .RQ]HQWUDWLRQ DXI GLH ZHVHQWOLFKHQ *HGDQNHQ XQG GHUHQ 8PVHW]XQJ VRZLH GDUDQQ DQVFKOLH‰HQGG GLH NULWLVFKHH $XVHL QDQGHUVHW]XQJ

3

(LQHH9RUEHUOHJXQJ]XP)UHLKHLWVEHJULIII

$XI*UXQGGGHUXQWHUVFKLHGOLFKVWHQQXQGGYLHOIlOWLJVWHQQ,PSOLNDWLRQHQGLHGHU%HJULII GHU )UHLKHLWW PLW VLFK EULQJW HUVFKHLQWW HVV UDWVDP MHGZHGHU 8QWHUVXFKXQJ GLHH VLFK PLWW $VSHNWHQQ GLHVHVV %HJULIIV DXVHLQDQGHUVHW]W HLQH NXU]H 9RUEHUOHJXQJJ YRUDQ ]XVFKLFNHQ 'LHVH KDW VLFKK PLWW GHQQ JUXQGOHJHQGVWHQQ %HVWLPPXQJHQQ ]XX EHVFKlIWL JHQ

,P )ROJHQGHQQ ZLUGG LQ GLHVHP 6LQQ HLQH GHUDUWLJH 'DUVWHOOXQJJ JHJHEHQ 6LH VROOGLH)XQNWLRQHLQHU$UW3URSlGHXWLNHUIOOHQMHGRFKQLFKWGLUHNWDXIGLHLPZHL WHUHQQ9HUODXIEHKDQGHOWHQ6FKZHUSXQNWHEH]RJHQQZHUGHQ'DIUJLEWWHVV]ZHLL*UQ GH'HU(UVWHLVWGHU7DWVDFKHJHVFKXOGHWGDVVGHUZLHGHUJHJHEHQH7H[WHLQPRGHU QHU LVWW XQG VRPLWW GLHH GXUFKK GLH ]X EHKDQGHOWHQQ $XWRUHQQ HUUXQJHQ (UNHQQWQLVVHH EHUHLWVV ]XP 7HLOO YRUDXVVHW]HQQ NDQQQ E]Z ZHLW GDUEHU KLQDXV JHKW 'LH GLUHNWH 9HUNQSIXQJJ ZlUH DQDFKURQLVWLVFK 'HU ]ZHLWH*UXQGG LVWW GHU GDVVV GHU 7H[WWHLQHQ 5DKPHQQ GDUVWHOOHQQ VROO LQGHP XQWHUVFKLHGOLFKVWH %HWUDFKWXQJVZHLVHQQ YRUJHVWHOOW ZHUGHQXPPGHPP%HJULIIIGHU)UHLKHLWVFKlUIHUH.RQWXUHQJHEHQ]XN|QQHQ %HLL GHU 9HUZHQGXQJJ GHVV %HJULIIHVV GHU )UHLKHLW OlVVWW VLFK ]XQlFKVWW XQWHU VFKHLGHQ REE GLH )UHLKHLWW YRQ HWZDV RGHU DEHU GLH )UHLKHLW ]X HWZDV JHPHLQW LVW 3HWHU .ROOHUVV $XIVDW] IROJHQG VROO GLH )UHLKHLW LQ GHU %HGHXWXQJ GHVV 1LFKW YRUKDQGHQVHLQVV YRQ %HVFKUlQNXQJHQ GLH QHJDWLYH )UHLKHLW GLH 0|JOLFKNHLW −LP 6LQQHGHU)lKLJNHLWHLQHU3HUVRQ²HWZDV]XWXQLQGHVGLHHSRVLWLYH)UHLKHLWJHQDQQWW ZHUGHQ (V EHGHXWHW GLHH ]XQlFKVW HLQIDFKH 8QWHUVFKHLGXQJ RE HLQHH 3HUVRQ GXUFK lX‰HUH %HVFKUlQNXQJHQQ JHKLQGHUW ZLUG QDFKK LKUHP %HOLHEHQQ ]XX KDQGHOQQ 6LH KDW GLHVHP )DOO NHLQH QHJDWLYH )UHLKHLW RGHU RE VLH GXUFK LQQHUH %HVFKUlQNXQJHQ GDUDQQJHKLQGHUWWZLUG6LHKDWWLQGLHVHP)DOONHLQHSRVLWLYH)UHLKHLW(VZLUGGGHXW OLFKGDVVVHLQH3HUVRQGLHQHJDWLYH)UHLKHLWKDWGHVKDOEEXQWHUEHVWLPPWHQQ%HGLQ JXQJHQQQRFKKQLFKWWIUHLLJHQDQQWWZHUGHQQNDQQGDHVVP|JOLFKKLVWGDVVVLKUGLHSRVLWL YH)UHLKHLWHVV]XWXQIHKOW(VVLVWWZLFKWLJJKHUYRU]XKHEHQGDVVVHLQHJUXQGOHJHQGHH %HVWLPPXQJGHV)UHLKHLWVEHJULIIVGLHVH$VSHNWH]XEHUFNVLFKWLJHQQKDW Å'DV )UHLKHLWVNRQ]HSW HUZHLVWW VLFKK GDPLWW LQQ MHGHP )DOO DOV HLQ 5HODWLRQV SUlGLNDW´ ZRPLWW DXI GLH 9DULDELOLWlW GHU %HVWLPPXQJ KLQJHZLHVHQQ ZLUG $XV GHU 8QWHUVFKHLGXQJ]ZLVFKHQSRVLWLYHUXQGQHJDWLYHU)UHLKHLWHUJHEHQVLFKVR3.ROOHU GUHLL (OHPHQWH GLH ]XX EHUFNVLFKWLJHQQ VLQG GLH 3HUVRQ GHUU )UHLKHLW ]XJH VFKULHEHQQ ZLUG RGHUQLFKW GLH %HVFKUlQNXQJHQ GLH GLH 3HUVRQ LQQ LKUHPP +DQ

² Das Folgende ist die Zusammenfassung der für die vorliegende Arbeit relevanten Stellen aus: Koller, Peter, Freiheit als Problem der politischen Philosophie, in: Politik und Ethik, hg. von Kurt Bayertz, Ditzingen 1996. ³ Koller, Freiheit als Problem der politischen Philosophie, S. 114.

4

GHOQ KLQGHUQ XQG GLHH +DQGOXQJVP|JOLFKNHLWHQ GLH JHZHKUW RGHU YHUZHKUW ZHU GHQ 'LHVH (OHPHQWH VLQG EHL GHU %HVWLPPXQJ GHU )UHLKHLW ]X EHUFNVLFKWLJHQ VRGDVVVLFKKÅ>Q@HJDWLYHHXQGGSRVLWLYH)UHLKHLWW>«@@QXUGDULQGD‰‰VLHHGLHVH(OHPHQWH YHUVFKLHGHQQDN]HQWXLHUHQ´ XQWHUVFKHLGHQ

'HVV :HLWHUHQQ VFKOlJW 3 .ROOHU GLH 'LIIHUHQ]LHUXQJ ]ZLVFKHQQ VSH]LHOOHU XQG JHQHUHOOHU )UHLKHLWW YRU 'DPLWW LVWW GLH =XVFKUHLEXQJJ GHU )UHLKHLWW LQ HLQHU HLQ]HOQHQ +DQGOXQJ YRQQ GHU LQ HLQHP *HVDPWEHUHLFK DQQ +DQGOXQJVP|JOLFKNHLWHQ XQWHU VFKLHGHQ'HPIJWHUGLH%HJULIIVSDDUH]ZHLZHUWLJXQGTXDOLWDWLYVSH]LHOOH)UHLKHLW XQGDEVWXIEDUXQGNRPSDUDWLYJHQHUHOOH)UHLKHLWKLQ]X)UGLHH)UHLKHLWLPVSH]LHO OHQ 6LQQ JLOW HQWZHGHU HV NRPPW GHU 3HUVRQ )UHLKHLW ]X RGHU QLFKW GLH 3HUVRQ NDQQQGLH+DQGOXQJDXVIKUHQRGHUVLHZLUGGGDUDQQJHKLQGHUWWGDKHU]ZHLZHUWLJXQG TXDOLWDWLY ,P JHQHUHOOHQQ 6LQQ ZLUGG GLH *HVDPWKHLW DQQ +DQGOXQJVP|JOLFKNHLWHQ EHWUDFKWHWVRGDVVVLFKKHLQQDEVWXIEDUHUXQGNRPSDUDWLYHU%HJULIIIGHUU)UHLKHLWHUJLEW GLH 3HUVRQQ NDQQQ LQ XQWHUVFKLHGOLFKVWHQQ 0D‰H LQQ LKUHQQ +DQGOXQJVP|JOLFKNHLWHQ JHKLQGHUW VHLQ Å'D HV LP 5DKPHQ GHV SROLWLVFKHQ 'LVNXUVHV QLFKW LQ HUVWHU /LQLH XP HLQ]HOQH +DQGOXQJHQ VRQGHUQ XP GLH )UHLKHLW YRQ 0HQVFKHQ LP DOOJHPHLQHQ JHKW ZLUG LP IROJHQGHQQ KDXSWVlFKOLFKK YRQ )UHLKHLW LP JHQHUHOOHQQ 6LQQH GLH 5HGH VHLQ´

1DFKGHPQXQQGLHHJUXQGOHJHQGHQQ$VSHNWHHUOlXWHUWWZXUGHQNDQQDXIHLQHQ LP HQJHUHQQ 6LQQH SROLWLVFKHQQ*HEUDXFKK GHVV )UHLKHLWVEHJULIIVHLQJHJDQJHQQ ZHUGHQ ,P ZHLWHUHQQ 9HUODXI GHVV 7H[WHVV EHVFKUlQNW VLFK 3 .ROOHU DXI GLH QlKHUHH %HVWLP PXQJ GHU %HVFKUlQNXQJHQ GHVV +DQGHOQV (U XQWHUVFKHLGHW ]ZLVFKHQQ QDWUOLFKHQ 1DWXUJHVHW]H XQGG VR]LDOHQ 9HUKDOWHQQ DQGHUH 0HQVFKHQ VRZLHH LQWHUQHQ DXI *UXQGG GHU SHUV|QOLFKHQQ (LJHQVFKDIWHQ XQG H[WHUQHQ DXII *UXQG lX‰HUHQQ %HGLQ JXQJHQ%HVFKUlQNXQJHQ

Å.RPELQLHUW PDQ GLHVHH EHLGHQ 8QWHUVFKHLGXQJHQ VRR HUJHEHQ VLFK YLHUU $UWHQ YRQ %HVFKUlQ NXQJHQ([WHUQHHQDWUOLFKHH%HVFKUlQNXQJHQGLHHGHP+DQGHOQYRQ0HQVFKHQGXUFK1DWXU JHVHW]HHXQGQDWXUJHJHEHQH7DWVDFKHQDXIHUOHJWVLQG]%GXUFKGDV*HVHW]]GHUU6FKZHUNUDIW LQWHUQHHQDWUOLFKHH%HVFKUlQNXQJHQGLHHDXVVGHQDQJHERUHQHQSK\VLVFKHQSV\FKLVFKHQXQG LQWHOOHNWXHOOHQ (LJHQVFKDIWHQ YRQ 3HUVRQHQ UHVXOWLHUHQ H[WHUQHH VR]LDOH %HVFKUlQNXQJHQ GLHH YRQ GHUU VR]LDOHQ 8PJHEXQJ GHUU KDQGHOQGHQ 3HUVRQ DXVJHKHQ ]% LQ )RUP PDQLIHVWHUU *HZDOWXQG]ZDQJVEHZHKUWHUUVR]LDOHUU1RUPHQXQGLQWHUQHHVR]LDOHH%HVFKUlQNXQJHQZHOFKH VLFKDXVVGHUU9HUWHLOXQJMHQHUU5HVVRXUFHQHUJHEHQGLHH]ZDUJHVHOOVFKDIWOLFKEHGLQJWWVLQGDEHU GHUU SULYDWHQ 6SKlUHH MHGHUU HLQ]HOQHQ 3HUVRQ ]XJHUHFKQHW ZHUGHQ VROFKHH 5HVVRXUFHQ ² QHQQH VLHHVR]LDOH5HVVRXUFHQGHVV+DQGHOQV²VLQGDOOHHVR]LDOYHUPLWWHOWHQGKGXUFKGLHJHVHOOVFKDIW OLFKHQ9HUKlOWQLVVHHEHGLQJWHH)lKLJNHLWHQYRQ0HQVFKHQZLHH]%LKUHUZRUEHQHVV:LVVHQLKUHH HUOHUQWHQ )lKLJNHLWHQ XQG .HQQWQLVVH LKUHH EHUXIOLFKH 4XDOLILNDWLRQ LKU (LQNRPPHQ XQG LKU ZLUWVFKDIWOLFKHVV9HUP|JHQ´

⁴ Ebd., S. 114.

⁵ Ebd., S. 115. ⁶ Ebd., S. 116.

5

3 .ROOHU ZLUG LQ GHP YHUEOHLEHQGHQ 7HLOO VHLQHVV 7H[WHVV GLHH VR]LDOHH )UHLKHLWW LQ GHQ 0LWWHOSXQNWW GHVV SROLWLVFKHQQ 'LVNXUVHV UFNHQQ ODVVHQ ZRPLW OHW]WOLFKK GLHH $XVHLQ DQGHUVHW]XQJHQ GHU 0RGHUQH LKUHQ $QIDQJ QHKPHQ )U GLH YRUOLHJHQGH $UEHLW JHQJHQ LQGHV GHU JHJHEHQHH 5DKPHQ GHU ]XX EHDFKWHQGHQ $VSHNWH GHVV )UHLKHLWV EHJULIIHVVRZLHLKUHLKUHUVHLWVEHJULIIOLFKH.ODUVWHOOXQJ -HDQ-DFTXHVV5RXVVHDX

-HDQ-DFTXHVVLQQGHUU7UDGLWLRQQGHUU9HUWUDJVWKHRULHH

'DVVIROJHQGH.DSLWHOOEHLQKDOWHWWHLQHVNL]]LHUWH'DUVWHOOXQJJGHUEHGHXWHQGVWHQQ9RU JlQJHU 5RXVVHDXV LP %HUHLFK GHU 9HUWUDJVWKHRULH (LQH JHQDXH (UOlXWHUXQJ GHU

VLQGQLFKWEHDEVLFKWLJW%HLGHVVZUGHGHQQ]XU9HUIJXQJJVWHKHQGHQQ5DKPHQQEHU VWHLJHQ9LHOPHKUVROOHLQH9HURUWXQJ--5RXVVHDXVLQGHU7UDGLWLRQHUUHLFKWZHU GHQ GLH HVV HUP|JOLFKW GHQQ VSH]LILVFKK URXVVHDXVFKHQQ 7HLO VHLQHU 9HUWUDJVLGHH KHU YRUXQGJHJHQGLHJHQDQQWHQ$XWRUHQDE]XKHEHQ

=XQlFKVW MHGRFK LVWHV QRWZHQGLJ VLFK GHQ .HUQ GHU 9HUWUDJVLGHHH ]X YHUJH JHQZlUWLJHQ 'LHVHU EHVWHKWW GDULQ GDVVV ÅGDV ,QGLYLGXXP LQQ IUHLHU 6HOEVW HQWVFKHLGXQJ GXUFK HLQHQ 9HUWUDJ DOOHU *OLHGHU GHU *HVHOOVFKDIW PLWHLQDQGHU *H VHOOVFKDIWVYHUWUDJGHP6WDDWGLH+HUUVFKDIWEHUVLFKEHUWUlJWXQGGXUFKGLHVHQ ILNWLYHQ $NWW +HUUVFKDIWW OHJLWLPLHUW´ 'HU 9HUWUDJ LVW GLH *UXQGODJH IU HLQ SROLWL VFKHVV/HEHQQGHU0HQVFKHQHUVWWPLWGHP9HUWUDJVVFKOXVVVXQGGGHU(UULFKWXQJJHLQHV 6WDDWHV O|VHQQ VLFKK GLH 0HQVFKHQQ VHOEVWW DXVV GHP 1DWXU]XVWDQG 'HU 9HUWUDJVDE VFKOXVVV LVWW GHU 0RPHQWW GHV hEHUJDQJHVV YRP 1DWXU]XVWDQGG ]XP SROLWLVFKHQQ RGHU EUJHUOLFKHQQ =XVWDQG ² GHU *HVHOOVFKDIW 'LHVH $XIIDVVXQJJ YHUQHLQW GLHH $QQDKPH GHU0HQVFKVHLYRQ1DWXUDXVHLQSROLWLVFKHV/HEHZHVHQXQGVWHOOWVRPLWHLQH$OWHU QDWLYHH ]XU .RQ]HSWLRQ EHLVSLHOVZHLVHH GHVV DULVWRWHOLVFKHQ ]{RQQ SROLWLNRQ GDU 'DU EHUKLQDXV ZLUG SULQ]LSLHOO MHGHH+HUUVFKDIW GD]X YHUSIOLFKWHW VLFK DQLKUHU /HJLWL PDWLRQPHVVHQQ]XODVVHQGLHLKUHUVHLWVVDXVVFKOLH‰OLFKKLQGHUhEHUHLQNXQIW$OOHUUPLWW $OOHQEHVWHKW6RPLWZLUGMHGZHGHUPHWDSK\VLVFKHURGHUUHOLJL|VHU%H]XJ]XU+HUU VFKDIWW HQWNUlIWHW ZDV QLFKWW ]XOHW]WW LP +LQEOLFNN DXI GLH *HVFKLFKWH EHDFKWHQVZHUW LVW

⁷ Vgl. Ebd., S. 117f.

⁸ Der Brockhaus Philosophie. Ideen, Denker und Begriffe, hg. von Lexikonredaktion des Verlages F.A. Brockhaus, Mannheim - Leipzig 2004, S. 352f.

⁹ Vgl. Wörterbuch der antiken Philosophie, hg. von Christoph Horn und Christof Rapp, München 2002, S.467.

6

'HU 9HUJOHLFKK GHU JHQDQQWHQQ $XWRUHQ PLWW --5RXVVHDXX ZLUG VLFKK DXI GHQQ %HUHLFK GHU %HJULIIH 1DWXU]XVWDQG +HUUVFKDIWVRUJDQLVDWLRQ XQG )UHLKHLW EHVFKUlQ NHQ 'LH *HZLFKWXQJ GLHVHU %HUHLFKHH VWHOOW HLQHH ZLOONUOLFKH $XVZDKO GDU GLHH NHL QHQ $QVSUXFK DXI 9ROOVWlQGLJNHLW HUKHEW 0LU HUVFKHLQW GLHVH :DKO MHGRFK DXVUHL FKHQGXPGLHH*UXQGDQOLHJHQQGHU$XWRUHQVRZLHGLHVSH]LILVFKHQ8QWHUVFKLHGH]X GHQ 9RUVWHOOXQJHQ --5RXVVHDXV GHXWOLFKK KHUYRUKHEHQ ]X N|QQHQ PHKUU VROO DQ GLHVHU6WHOOHQLFKWWHUUHLFKWWZHUGHQ

'HUU 1DWXU]XVWDQG DOVV GLHH =XVDPPHQIDVVXQJ GHU /HEHQVXPVWlQGH YRU (LQWULWW LQ HLQH SROLWLVFKHH *HPHLQVFKDIW ZLUG YRQ DOOHQQ GUHLL $XWRUHQQ H[SOL]LW KHUYRUJHKREHQ -HGRFK PLWW XQWHUVFKLHGOLFKHU DUJXPHQWDWLYHU *HZLFKWXQJ 6WHOOW HU EHLL MHGHU GHU .RQ]HSWLRQHQGLH5HIOH[LRQVJU|‰HGDUDQGHUVLFKGLHHQWVWDQGHQ*HPHLQVFKDIW]X PHVVHQQ KDWW LQGHP VLH LKQQ EHUZXQGHQ KDEHQ PXVV VRR EHUQLPPW HU EHL 7+REEHVV XQGG -/RFNHH QRFKK HLQH ZHLWHUH WUDJHQGHH 5ROOH %HL EHLGHQ GLHQW HU DOV $XVJDQJVSXQNWW GHU hEHUOHJXQJHQQ EHU GLHH 2UJDQLVDWLRQ XQG =ZHFNPl‰LJNHLWW GHV 6WDDWHV 'LHH %HVWLPPXQJ GHVV 0HQVFKHQQ LP 1DWXU]XVWDQG JLEW GLH 5LFKWOLQLHQ GHV 6WDDWHVYRU

:lKUHQGG VLFK GHU 0HQVFKK LQ 7+REEHV 9RUVWHOOXQJJ LQ HLQHP =XVWDQGG ÅGHV .ULHJHV DOOHUU JHJHQ DOOH´ EHILQGHWW XQGG VRPLWW LQQ SHUPDQHQWHU *HIDKU OHEW VWHOOW -/RFNH GHQQ 1DWXU]XVWDQGG DOVV HLQHQQ UHFKWORVHQQ 5DXP GDU LQQ GHP DOOH IUHLL VLQG DOOHV QDFK LKUHP %HOLHEHQ ]X WXQ 'LH $QQDKPHQ lKQHOQ VLFK VFKOLH‰OLFK LVW GHU DQGDXHUQGH .ULHJV]XVWDQG 7+REEHV HLQ HEHQVR UHFKWORVHU 5DXP ZLH LKQ -/RFNH GHQNW $OOHUGLQJV OLHJW HLQHH YHUVFKLHGHQHH $N]HQWXLHUXQJ YRU :lKUHQG 7+REEHVV HLQHQQ LP :HVHQ YHUGRUEHQHQ 0HQVFKHQ DQQLPPW JHKW -/RFNH YRQQ HLQHP JHPl‰LJWHQQ 0HQVFKHQ DXV GHP HVV EHUHLWV PLWW GHU 6FKDIIXQJJ HLQHV 5HFKWV V\VWHPVVJHOLQJWVHLQH9HUKlOWQLVVHHQDFKGHQQÅUHFKWHQQ9RUVFKULIWHQQGHU9HUQXQIW´ ]XX RUGQHQQ XQGG ]X JHVWDOWHQ ,VWW GHU .ULHJV]XVWDQGG GDV (UJHEQLV GHVV QDWUOLFKHQ PHQVFKOLFKHQ +DQGHOQVV EHLL 7+REEHV VRR EHVWLPPW -/RFNH LKQQ DOVV $EZHQGXQJ

Å'DV)HKOHQHLQHVVPLW$XWRULWlWDXVJHVWDWWHWHQJHPHLQVDPHQ5LFKWHUVVYHUVHW]WDOOHH0HQVFKHQ LQ GHQQ 1DWXU]XVWDQG *HZDOW RKQHH 5HFKW JHJHQQ MHPDQGHVV 3HUVRQQ JHULFKWHW HU]HXJW GHQ .ULHJV]XVWDQGJDQ]JOHLFKREEHVHLQHQQJHPHLQVDPHQQ5LFKWHUJLEWRGHUQLFKW´

¹⁰ Hobbes, Thomas, Leviathan. Erster und zweiter Teil, übers. von Jacob Peter Mayer, Ditzingen 2007, S. 151. ¹¹ Locke, John, Über die Regierung, hg. von Peter Cornelius Mayer-Tasch, übers. von Dorothee Tidow, Ditzingen 2008, S. 9.

¹² „Abgesehen von dem Verbrechen der Gesetzesverletzung und des Abweichens von den rechten Vorschriften der Vernunft - wodurch ein Mensch entartet, sich von den Prinzipien der menschlichen Natur lossagt und erklärt, ein schädliches Wesen zu sein - […]“ Ebd., S. 9. ¹³ Ebd., S. 16.

7