List of figures

Chart 1: Notified RTAs in force, as of February 2005, by type of agreement (Source: Crawford

& Fiorentino, 2005, 2) .................................................................................... 5

Chart 2: Notified RTAs to the GATT/WTO (1948-2005) by entry into force (Source: Crawford

List of abbreviations

ACP African, carribean and pacific states APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation CRTA Committee on Regional Trade Agreements CU Customs Union EU European Union FTA Free Trade Agreement GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade LDC Least Developed Countries MFN Most Favoured Nation NAFTA North American Free Trade Area RTA Regional Trade Agreement WTO World Trade Organization

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1 Introduction

The World Trade Organisation (WTO) is “the hub of an international political system under which governments agree to accept commonly negotiated and enforced rules to govern world trade” (Oatley, 2008, 23).

It offers a stable system for governments to achieve their goals in the world trade. Its scope extended in the last years and this contains a lot of problems. One good example is the General Agreement on Trade in Services, briefly GATS. During the last decades, international trade in services has grown more rapidly than trade with manufactured goods (Oatley, 2008, 35). Therefore the demand of regulation increased and is now discussed since the Uruguay Round, which started 1986 (Oatley, 2008, 26). Other examples are agriculture, intellectual property rights or competition policy. This development contains a lot of capabilities, but it leads to prolonged discussion rounds like we see at the Doha Conference. The reason is a growing conflict of interests between industrial and emerging countries. An agreement within the WTO, where unanimity has to be achieved, is getting more and more difficult. That is one of the reasons why a lot of countries prefer regional trade agreements. These agreements often extend into areas of domestic disciplines or cover service sectors. Thus they regulate more than only tariff concessions.

First this paper gives an overview what Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) are exactly, then it describes the different existing forms following the chances and risks of the current development. Then the importance of RTAs for the WTO is resolved and if the WTO should encourage them?

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