This paper is the 4th in a series wherein a theory is proposed that our matter is excited Dark Matter (DM) with the addition of an Electromagnetic (EM) field. The method of excitation is the subject of this paper.
Excitation is predicted when a DM quanta group captures into closed wave orbit a photon. The orbiting photon creates EM outgoing and incoming EM waves as well as a standing spherical wave region inside the closed wave orbit.
This theory integrates concepts from other theorists, prominently Dr. Milo Wolff’s theories that: (1) An outgoing or incoming EM wave creates a positive or negative charge. (2) An EM standing wave is the basis for particle self-assembly creating more complex composite particles including the atom.
Standing Wave self-assembly replaces strong and weak nuclear force theories. Composite particles, atoms, crystals, and most of our observable matter are formed in Childiani regions described by spherical harmonic standing waves.
The photon’s polarizations determine different particle characteristics. A Clockwise (CW) or counter-clockwise (CCW) closed wave orbit creates the particle’s ‘up” and “down” as well as spin. Circular polarized photons determine if the outward spherical wave is outgoing or incoming based on the EM field vector direction when entering closed wave orbit.
A radially polarized photon’s EM waves exterior to the photon’s closed wave orbit may also be destructive, forming chargeless particles (neutrino).
This theory: (a) requires the scalar gravitational field, f, to be the photon’s travel medium with f having an index-of-refraction. (b) Mass becomes a function of f values at each point in space, as predicted by Gunnar Nordström. (c) Albert Einstein’s definition for a particle is used which is quanta having dimension. (d) Space is defined as flat, not curved as described in relativity. This theory predicts the trace stress–energy tensor or a flat space-time.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1. Key Elements to this Theory
1.2. Unique Aspects to this Theory
2. A Synopsis of Current Pertinent Theories
2.1. Dr. Wolff’s Standing Wave Theory
2.2. Current Model for Dark Matter
2.2.1. DM Identified as Quanta
2.3. Nordström’s Scalar Gravitational Measurement
2.4. Einstein’s Scalar Gravity
2.4.1. Wolff’s Einstein Critique
2.5. Wolff’s Mathematical Model Creating Charge
2.6. The Significance of a Spherical Standing Wave
2.6.1. Φ Field & EM Fields Are Different
2.6.2. Entanglement
2.6.3. Self-Assembly Creates Particles
2.6.3.1. Standing Wave Self Assembly
2.7. Does Φ Have an Index-of-Refraction
2.7.1. Current Theory
2.7.2. Requirement for the Theory Advanced
2.7.3. Lavenda’s Optical Properties of Gravity
2.7.4. Refraction in a Vacuum in a Magnetic Field
2.7.5. Galaxy Cluster IRC 0218 Refraction
3. How DM is Transformed into Detectable Matter
3.1. DMs Merging and Forming Larger Quanta
3.2. DM Φ Properties Allow Photon Closed wave Capture
4. How a DM Captures a Photon
4.1. DM Group Φ Distribution IAW Newton’s Shell Theorem
4.2. Fundamental Constituents of a Positron & Electron
4.2.1. Creating Outgoing/Incoming EM Spherical Harmonic Oscillations
5. Determining the Fundamental Particles
5.1. Quanta Creation Degrees-of-Freedom
5.2. Modified Milo Wolff’s Electron Model Theory
5.3. Another Model for the Electron
5.4. DM Quanta Traveling & Standing Waves
5.4.1. Current Neutrino Information
5.4.2. Theorized Neutrino Construction
5.5. Determining the Proton’s Constituents
5.5.1. Quark Accelerator Observations
6. How Excited DM Quantas Form Composite Quantas
6.1. Describing the Proton
6.1.1. Quark’s Fractional Charge
6.1.2. Photons Merging or Splitting
7. Constructing the Atom
7.1. Simplest Atom the Positronium
7.2. The Hydrogen Atom
7.3. Heavier Elements
7.4. Photon Energy Levels in the Atom
8. Correcting the Photon Concept
8.1. The Nature of a Photon
8.2. Micro Photon Sphere
8.3. Orbit Area
Research Objectives & Key Themes
The primary objective of this work is to present a theoretical model describing how Dark Matter (DM) quanta are transformed into detectable matter through the capture of photons. The research aims to unify existing physical concepts, specifically concerning matter as fields and standing waves, to explain the construction of fundamental and composite particles without relying on strong and weak nuclear force theories.
- Transformation of DM quanta into detectable particles via photon capture.
- Replacement of traditional particle-point concepts with spherical field quanta.
- Application of Nordström’s scalar gravitational field and Newton’s Shell Theorem to matter.
- Use of standing wave regions to explain self-assembly of atoms and subatomic particles.
- Reinterpretation of the photon as a pulse within a scalar gravitational medium.
Excerpt from the Book
1. Introduction
This paper is a continuation wherein the concept has been evolving. Reference a “Theory of Matter and Cosmology.” [1]
A model is suggested how nature transforms a DM quanta into the fundamental particles such as the electron/positron and how the atom is constructed. Aspects of this theory are new and unique; however, this theory integrates in part many of the physical concepts theorized by the researchers Dr. Albert Einstein, Dr Yuri Ivanov, Dr. Milo Wolff, Dr. Geoff Hazelhurst, Dr. Karene Howie, Dr. Gabriel La Freniere, Dr. Daniele Funaro, Dr. Gunnar Nordström, Art Hobson and Xavier Borgas of Blaze Labs, and others. These researchers all describe matter as waves, not as points. Dr. Milo Wolff describes matter as spherical harmonic waves. Most significantly, Wolff describes matter as composed of fields and standing waves. Wolff describes the origin of charge and self-assembly. [2}
This theory provides a model agreeing with Gunnar Nordström theory that mass is a function of the scalar gravitational fields. Thus a particle has a mass characteristic based on its own gravitational field and contributing scalar gravitational fields from other particles. [2] Such a concept defines mass as a characteristic of Φ. All matter is a field as theorized by Hobson.[3]
Summary of Chapters
1. Introduction: Outlines the theoretical evolution of matter as fields and introduces the core concept of DM quanta transformation.
2. A Synopsis of Current Pertinent Theories: Reviews existing literature from researchers like Wolff and Nordström, establishing the foundation for the author's integrated theory.
3. How DM is Transformed into Detectable Matter: Details the proposed mechanism by which DM quanta acquire mass and become detectable through EM field interaction.
4. How a DM Captures a Photon: Explains the process of photon capture into a closed wave orbit based on index-of-refraction properties.
5. Determining the Fundamental Particles: Discusses the degrees of freedom in quanta creation and specific models for electrons, positrons, and neutrinos.
6. How Excited DM Quantas Form Composite Quantas: Explores how basic particles self-assemble into complex composite structures, focusing on the proton.
7. Constructing the Atom: Reinterprets atomic structure by replacing traditional nuclear forces with Chladni forces and standing wave dynamics.
8. Correcting the Photon Concept: Provides a revised definition of the photon as a solitary energy pulse rather than a traditional wave packet.
Keywords
Dark Matter, DM Quanta, Scalar Gravitational Field, Standing Waves, Photon Capture, Self-Assembly, Electron, Positron, Proton, Index of Refraction, Quantum Physics, Particle Construction, Spherical Harmonic Waves, EM Fields, Theoretical Physics
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core premise of this research?
The work proposes that our observable matter consists of Dark Matter (DM) quanta that become detectable when an electromagnetic (EM) field is added to them through photon capture.
What are the central thematic fields?
The study centers on the intersection of scalar gravitational fields, wave structure of matter, the dynamics of particle self-assembly, and the reinterpretation of the photon.
What is the primary goal of the study?
The primary goal is to provide a model for how elementary and composite particles are constructed, ultimately aiming to replace the need for strong and weak nuclear force theories.
Which scientific method is employed?
The research relies on an integrative theoretical approach, synthesizing concepts from established researchers like Milo Wolff and Gunnar Nordström with new predictions regarding photon capture and optical properties of gravity.
What does the main body of the text cover?
It covers the nature of DM quanta, the mathematical modeling of photon capture, the specific characteristics of leptons and protons, and an alternative approach to atomic structure.
Which keywords characterize this work?
Key terms include Dark Matter, Scalar Gravitational Field, Standing Waves, Photon Capture, and Particle Self-Assembly.
How does the author explain the proton's stability?
The author argues that stability is maintained by Chladni forces within standing wave regions, which act as an alternative to the strong nuclear force.
Why does the author advocate for a new photon concept?
The author claims the classical wave train model is incorrect because a photon is a singleton soliton light pulse; correcting this is necessary to explain how photons orbit DM particles.
- Quote paper
- Physics Daniel Stark (Author), 2021, Transforming Dark Matter into Detectable Matter. Revised Edition, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1038638
