Frequently Asked Questions: Geography Revision - Population Paper
What is Natural Decrease?
Natural Decrease is the difference between the Birth Rate (B.R.) and the Death Rate (D.R.). It is calculated as B.R. - D.R.
What is Natural Increase?
Natural Increase is the difference between the Death Rate (D.R.) and the Birth Rate (B.R.). It is calculated as D.R. - B.R.
What is Dependency Ratio?
Dependency Ratio is the proportion of the working (economically active) and non-working (non-economically active) population. The formula for Dependency Ratio is: [(Number of people of age (0-14) + Number of people of age (65+)) / Number of people of working age] x 100
What is Infant Mortality Rate?
Infant Mortality Rate is the number of deaths per year among infants less than one year old per 1000 live births.
What is Fertility Rate?
Fertility Rate is the average number of children born to a woman in her lifetime.
What is an Ageing Population?
An Ageing Population is one in which the proportion of old people, usually defined as aged 65 and older, is increasing.
What is Crude Birth Rate?
Crude Birth Rate is the number of live births per 1000 people in a year.
What is Crude Death Rate?
Crude Death Rate is the number of deaths per 1000 people in a year.
What factors affect mortality?
Factors affecting mortality include demographic structure, medicine, social class, and place of residence.
What is Population Density?
Population Density is the number of people per unit of an area, usually measured as the number of people per square kilometre.
What is Population Distribution?
Population Distribution is the way in which people are dispersed or spread across an area. In most countries, there is an uneven distribution with high and low concentrations of people.
What is Population Structure?
Population Structure is the make-up of a population by age and by sex. It is shown by a population pyramid.
What is Migration?
Migration is the movement of people both within and between countries.
What is a Megacity?
A Megacity is a city with more than 10 million inhabitants.
What is a Millionaire City?
A Millionaire City is a city of more than one million people.
What is Binary Settlement Pattern?
This distribution exists in a country when the two largest cities are almost of equal size. They may be of almost equal importance although their functions may be different, such as capital city and chief port (e.g., Amsterdam & Rotterdam).
What is Primate Settlement Pattern?
This distribution exists in a country when the largest settlement is much more than twice the size of the second largest city. It may be many times larger, and this means that the rank size rule does not apply.
What is a Central Place?
A Central Place is a settlement that supplies goods and services to the area around it. The larger the central place, the larger the area that it serves.
What is a Conurbation?
A Conurbation is a large urban area, formed by the merging together of two or more cities, engulfing smaller towns and villages.
What is Re-urbanisation?
Re-urbanisation means an increasing number of people moving back into inner urban areas having previously lived in the suburbs or outside the urban area.
What is Counter Urbanization?
Counter Urbanization occurs when increasing numbers of people move out of urban areas into the rural-urban fringe or further away into rural villages.
What is Decentralization?
For an urban area, it is the increasing movement of industries and businesses out of central areas (usually the CBD) towards the edges of the built-up area and into the rural-urban fringe. For a country, it is the increasing movement of people and businesses away from the core region, often around the capital city.
What are Functions of a Settlement?
Functions are the purposes for the establishment and growth of a settlement. The larger the settlement, the greater the number and variety of functions it is likely to have.
What is Gentrification?
Gentrification is when the status of an inner urban area, which has become unfashionable and neglected, is upgraded as wealthier people move back in. They have sufficient financial resources to improve properties and thereby increase the area's status again.
What is a Settlement Hierarchy?
A Settlement Hierarchy is when settlements are placed in order according to size or to the number of goods and services supplied by them. A hierarchy always has a pyramid shape because there are more small settlements than large ones.
What is Retailing?
Retailing is selling goods to people.
What is a Retailing Hierarchy?
A Retailing Hierarchy forms a shape of a pyramid with a large number of small shops at the base and a smaller number of "high-street" shopping centres in CBDs at the top. Changes to the traditional hierarchy are occurring as a result of out-of-town shopping centres being built.
What are High Order Goods and Services?
These are consumed relatively infrequently and therefore need a large number of people living within their trade area to make them commercially profitable. They are most frequently located in retail areas at or near the top of the retail hierarchy.
What is a Sphere of Influence?
The Sphere of Influence is the area served by a central place, which was referred to as its trade area. It can also be used to designate the area from within which people are attracted to buy goods and services from outlets such as shops and offices.
What is Infrastructure?
Infrastructure refers to essential services which need to be provided, often by governments, to create an environment in which commercial activities can be successfully established. This includes the provision of reliable power and water supplies and good transport links.
What is Land Use?
Land Use refers to the ways in which the land is used, e.g., houses, shops and factories, open spaces such as parks and sports grounds, non-productive areas such as waste land and derelict buildings.
What are Low Order Goods?
These are consumed frequently and regularly so that retail outlets specializing in these can have small trade areas and still be commercially viable.
What is Range?
Range is the maximum distance that a person is prepared to travel to purchase goods or services. The range marks the limits of the area served by a settlement or central place.
What is the Rank Size Rule?
This rule states that if all settlements in a country are ranked according to population size, their sizes will be inversely proportional to their rank. Thus the second-largest settlement will have a population half the size of the largest settlement. The third largest will be one-third the size of the largest, and so on.
What is a Rural Settlement?
A Rural Settlement is a small settlement surrounded by countryside, such as a hamlet or village. A small market town would be the largest example of a rural settlement.
What is the Rural-Urban Fringe?
The Rural-Urban Fringe is the area of countryside lying on the edges of the built-up area. This area is under the greatest pressure from city growth, which is increasing because of the desire of many people and businesses to move out of town.
What is a Shanty Town?
A Shanty Town is an area of poor, low-cost housing in or around a big city in the LEDW, often without the full provision of essential urban services.
What is a Squatter Settlement?
A Squatter Settlement is the first area of self-help housing for many newcomers into cities in LEDC's; in general, they are of lower status than shanty towns.
What is Settlement Structure?
This is the form and layout of settlements and includes land use patterns found there. Urban models attempt to summarise these land use patterns, which means they are trying to indicate settlement structure.
- Citar trabajo
- Albrecht, Jana (Autor), 2001, Population Revision, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/104446
