The study has aimed to bring a dynamic balance between the national and international policy to protect the displaced people. The study has engaged with normative research methodology mixed with descriptive and critical approach. The outcomes of the study identified those river erosion victims such as the Internally Displaced Populations (IDPs) necessities to treat as environmental migrant as well as to recognise as climate refugee. The study recommends that besides the damage restoration fund, the GHG emitting developed countries have to take the responsibility of climate-displaced population by providing them environmental refugee status.
River erosion is one of the most common crises of Ganges delta from ancient era where Bangladesh has no effective policy or management strategy for the internally displaced populations although there is a successful legislation from eighteen century to protect the property rights of the victims of riverbank erosion. The concurrent terrible features of climate change on Bangladesh pointed to the increasing magnitude of cyclone, drought, erosion, flood, storm and around one-third of the entire land surface of the country would go under water for one metre of sea level rise and almost thirty million people would have in the risk of displacement. Such uncertain features of climate change have incorporated the river erosion displaced populations in the same category of migrants where the intense of the crisis and disaster management strategy has huge gaps.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction:
2. Aims and Objectives of the Study:
3. Methodology of the Study:
4. Origins of Riverbank Erosion Related Displacement:
4-1. Displacement Risk of Bangladesh
4-2. Socio-economic Perspectives of Displacement:
4-3. Current Impediments:
4-4. Slum Life of Bangladeshi People Displaced by River Erosion:
5. National Displacement Protection:
5.1 National Long-term Recovery Plan:
5.2 Good Governance for Displaced People:
5.3 Future of Displaced People and Climate Migrants:
6. Unaddressed Area of National Recovery Plan:
6.1 Source of New Lands for Riverbank Erosion Victims:
6.2 Protection under Civil Law of Bangladesh:
6.3 Legislative Barrier & Corruption Nexus:
7. International Remedies for Climate Refugee:
7-1. UNFCCC & Kyoto Protocol (KP):
7-2. The Paris Agreement:
7-3. Legal Recognition of IDP & Environmental Refugees:
7-4. Recognition of the Supreme Court of the Netherlands:
8. Conclusion & Recommendations:
Research Objectives and Themes
The primary objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive national and international legal framework to protect populations in Bangladesh displaced by riverbank erosion, while identifying the socio-economic roots of this crisis and evaluating existing disaster management strategies.
- Geo-environmental and geopolitical drivers of displacement.
- Evaluation of governmental effectiveness in disaster management.
- Legal protection of riverbank erosion victims as environmental refugees.
- Critical analysis of current national recovery plans and their policy gaps.
- International responsibility and legal remedies for climate-displaced populations.
Excerpt from the Book
4-4. Slum Life of Bangladeshi People Displaced by River Erosion:
The magnitude of riverbank erosion in Bangladesh is so dangerous that the movable and immovable properties including dwelling house and agricultural lands go under the riverbed and victims of try to survive in his own location. Before river erosion they were sound and solvent in the rural economy and lived with dignity and respect, after the event of riverbank erosion, they cannot do any odd job in his own location and forced migrate to the urban areas. The slum dwelling houses are highly vulnerable to the wind flow and even rain ad well as natural disaster, very congested small room for many people, poor sewerage, sanitation, power and water supply and it can be pointed that slum dwellers are far away from the basic constitutional tights as well as human rights. There is no social safety net for the slum resident caused by river erosion; as a result, sometimes they have to survive on begging or to perform risky, hard working, and ‘no-work no-pay’ basis odd jobs. The slums have inferior public health facilities, absence of formal education, and safe place crime like drug and human trafficking.
Summary of Chapters
1. Introduction: Discusses the devastating impact of riverbank erosion in Bangladesh, resulting in millions of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and the loss of essential infrastructure.
2. Aims and Objectives of the Study: Defines the research goal of establishing legal protections for displaced victims through a normative and critical analysis of existing legislation.
3. Methodology of the Study: Outlines the normative research approach, utilizing legal statutes, court verdicts, and secondary literature to address the research questions.
4. Origins of Riverbank Erosion Related Displacement: Examines the geological factors and climate change impacts causing displacement, including the precarious existence of victims in urban slums.
5. National Displacement Protection: Critically evaluates the National Planning for Disaster Risk Management (NPDRM) 2021-2025 and its failure to explicitly address environmental refugees.
6. Unaddressed Area of National Recovery Plan: Identifies gaps in current policies regarding land recovery rights for victims and the legislative barriers exacerbated by corruption.
7. International Remedies for Climate Refugee: Reviews international climate litigation cases, such as Urgenda Foundation vs. the State of the Netherlands, and explores international legal frameworks for climate displacement.
8. Conclusion & Recommendations: Summarizes the study's findings and proposes actionable policy changes for national governance and international recognition of environmental refugee status.
Keywords
Climate change, environmental refugee, climate refugee, Riverbank Erosion, River Erosion, Greenhouse gas emission, GHG emission, IDPs, Bangladesh, Disaster management, Displacement, Sustainable development, Legal protection, Human rights, Urgenda Foundation.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research paper?
The paper focuses on the crisis of riverbank erosion in Bangladesh and the resulting mass internal displacement, arguing for the necessity of granting these victims legal protection as environmental or climate refugees.
What are the primary themes discussed?
The main themes include the socio-economic impacts of erosion, the limitations of the current national disaster recovery plans, the role of international law, and the struggle of displaced persons living in urban slums.
What is the ultimate goal of the study?
The study aims to create a dynamic balance between national and international policy to protect displaced people and to demand that GHG-emitting developed countries take responsibility for their protection.
Which scientific or legal methods are applied?
The authors employ a normative research methodology mixed with descriptive and critical approaches, analyzing laws, statutes, judicial verdicts, and existing policy frameworks.
What does the main body cover?
The main body investigates the origins of displacement, evaluates the current state-led disaster planning, critiques legislative barriers regarding land ownership, and discusses international precedents like the Urgenda climate litigation.
Which keywords best describe this research?
Key terms include Bangladesh, riverbank erosion, IDPs, climate refugee, environmental justice, disaster management, and the Urgenda Foundation case.
How does the paper propose to handle the issue of newly gained land?
The paper suggests amending land distribution policies to prioritize displaced victims over undefined "landless people," recognizing that this new land is formed by the sediment of lost property.
What is the significance of the Urgenda Foundation case mentioned?
The case is highlighted as a milestone for climate change litigation, proving that domestic courts can hold governments accountable for failing to reduce greenhouse gas emissions based on the duty of care.
- Citar trabajo
- Nasima Talukder Monmoon (Autor), Suchana Chowdhury Suchi (Autor), 2021, Internally Displaced Populations Caused by the Riverbank Erosion in Bangladesh. An Emergence to Bring under Protection at Environmental Refugee Category, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1132300
