The growing demand and low production of indigenous crude along with inadequate refining capacity has forced India to look for alternative fuels to sustain the economic development. India is one among the largest petro-diesel consuming and importing country i.e. about 70% of its demand. Violently fluctuating world prices of oil have been a destabilizing element for the balance of country’s economy and external debt. Centralized power generation are insufficient to encounter energy necessities of decentralized population of rural area, due to low loads, long distribution lines, power shortages, low and fluctuating voltage and low reliability. Decentralized system using renewable sources of energy could go a long way in meeting the energy needs of the decentralized communities.
Main source of economy in our country is irrigation. Irrigation has to be developed on a great measure, which requires energy to run various implements. The higher use of petrol/diesel in agronomy and transport sector has resulted in environmental degradation. Alternate fuels are being explored world-wide to reduce environmental pollution. To reduce the reliance on petroleum based fuels, bio-diesels are gaining attention world-wide.
In this research work diesel is blended with treble alternate fuels i.e. dual biodiesel and a biofuel, comprising waste cooking oil biodiesel, palm stearin biodiesel and hydrogen, which are tested on single cylinder CI engine for performance, emission and combustion Analysis. Compression ratio and injection opening pressure are varied to get best performance, emission and combustion characteristic.
At first dual biodiesel (WCOBD + PSBD) blended in diesel for different proportion will be tested in comparison with diesel as standalone fuel for different compression ratios and fuel injection pressures, then the best biodiesel-diesel proportion so obtain will be further tested with hydrogen at different rate of induction for performance and emission, optimal treble bio-fuel will be evaluated for combustion characteristic.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER – 1
1.1 Introduction to biofuel
1.2 Aim and Strategy
1.3 Objective
1.4 Bio-Fuels
CHAPTER – 2
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel
2.3 Palm Stearin Biodiesel
2.4 Hydrogen with biodiesel blends of diesel
2.5 Outcome of Literature Review
2.6 Research Gaps Identified from the Literature Review
CHAPTER – 3
3.1 Experimental Setup
3.2 Engine Specifications
3.3 Measurement of Various Parameters
CHAPTER – 4
EXPERIMENTATION
4.1 Test Phase – 1
4.2 Test Phase – 2
4.3 Test Phase – 3
4.4 Test Phase – 4
4.5 Experimental Flow Chart
CHAPTER – 5
EXPERIMENTAL WORK AND DATA ACCUSATION
5.1 Data Accusation and Calculation
5.2 Brake Power Calculation
5.3 Brake Mean Effective Pressure Calculation
5.4 Mass of Fuel Calculation
5.5 Brake Thermal Efficiency Calculation for B20
5.6 Brake Specific Fuel Consumption Calculation
5.7 Brake thermal efficiency calculation for B20 + 6lpm H2
5.8 Energy Equivalent of Fuel Constituents
5.9 Energy Share by Fuel Constituents
5.10 Brake Specific Energy Consumption Calculation
CHAPTER – 6
CFD ANALYSIS
6.1 Role of CFD analysis in CI engine simulation
6.2 Combustion Simulation Inputs
6.3 Geometry of IC Engine
6.4 FE Model
6.5 Boundary Conditions
CHAPTER – 7
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
7.1. Test Phase - 1
7.2. Test Phase – 2
7.3. Test Phase – 3
7.4. Test Phase – 4
7.5 Optimum compression ratio of Test Phase –
7.6. Simulated Results and Comparison
CHAPTER – 8
Conclusions
References
Research Objectives and Themes
The primary objective of this research is to enhance the performance and reduce emissions of a single-cylinder Compression Ignition (CI) engine by utilizing dual biodiesel blends (waste cooking oil and palm stearin) supplemented with hydrogen induction, while evaluating the impact of varying compression ratios and injection pressures.
- Optimization of dual biodiesel-diesel blending ratios.
- Analysis of the performance-enhancing effects of hydrogen induction.
- Investigation of engine operating parameters (compression ratio and injection opening pressure).
- Comparative performance, emission, and combustion characterization.
- Validation of experimental results through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis.
Excerpt from the Book
1.1 Introduction to biofuel
Growth in energy requirement in all segment is rising unabated due to increasing urbanization, living habits and expanding habitation with stabilization not before mid of current century [2].
At the present time dual fuel method is utmost extensively implemented with biodiesel blend and gaseous fuel. In present work, dual biodiesel, that is biodiesels prepared from WCO and palm stearin along with hydrogen are experimented in CI-engine to reduce emission and increase the performance [3].
Biodiesel being biodegradable is considered less harmful to environment, when spilled and produce lesser tailpipe emissions. Vanishing of petroleum wells and environmental issues has stimulated interest in alternative sources. Bio diesel extracted as of animal fat and vegetable oil via transesterification with methanol or ethanol may substitute petroleum diesel, since it is renewable, biodegradable, oxygenated and environmental friendly.
Summary of Chapters
CHAPTER – 1: This chapter introduces the motivation for exploring alternative fuels due to energy demand and environmental concerns, specifically focusing on the experimental investigation of dual biodiesel and hydrogen in CI engines.
CHAPTER – 2: This chapter provides a comprehensive literature review of biodiesel production, biodiesel-diesel blends, and the impact of hydrogen induction on internal combustion engine performance and emissions.
CHAPTER – 3: This chapter describes the experimental setup and the methodology for controlling engine parameters, including compression ratio adjustments and injection opening pressure settings.
CHAPTER – 4: This chapter details the experimental design, outlining the four distinct test phases conducted under varying compression ratios and injection pressures.
CHAPTER – 5: This chapter covers the experimental procedures, data acquisition, and the mathematical calculations required to analyze engine performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency and specific energy consumption.
CHAPTER – 6: This chapter explains the CFD analysis methodology, including combustion simulation inputs, geometry modeling, and the boundary conditions used to simulate the CI engine.
CHAPTER – 7: This chapter presents the results and discussions of the experimental tests across the four defined phases, comparing performance, emission, and combustion characteristics for different fuel combinations.
CHAPTER – 8: This chapter draws final conclusions based on the experimental results, identifying optimal blending ratios, engine settings, and the potential for dual biodiesel and hydrogen as viable alternative fuel sources.
Keywords
Biodiesel, Waste Cooking Oil, Palm Stearin, Hydrogen Induction, CI Engine, Performance Analysis, Emission Analysis, Combustion Analysis, Compression Ratio, Injection Opening Pressure, Brake Thermal Efficiency, Specific Energy Consumption, CFD Simulation.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this doctoral thesis?
The research focuses on the experimental investigation of a single-cylinder CI engine running on treble biofuel mixtures—a combination of waste cooking oil biodiesel, palm stearin biodiesel, and hydrogen induction—to evaluate and optimize performance, emission, and combustion characteristics.
What are the primary themes addressed in the work?
The work addresses sustainable energy, the reduction of petro-diesel reliance, the utilization of waste cooking oil as a feedstock, the impact of variable engine operating parameters (compression ratio and injection pressure), and the use of CFD for combustion modeling.
What is the main research objective?
The primary goal is to improve the efficiency and reduce harmful exhaust emissions of CI engines by optimizing the fuel blend ratios and engine operating conditions, specifically at varying compression ratios (17 to 18.5) and injection pressures (200 to 250 bar).
Which scientific methods were employed?
The researcher employed empirical experimentation on a single-cylinder variable compression ratio (VCR) engine, followed by numerical validation using ANSYS Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software to simulate and compare in-cylinder combustion pressures.
What is the significance of the experimental chapters?
The experimental chapters (Chapters 4–7) document the methodology and outcomes of testing various dual-biodiesel blends and hydrogen induction rates, providing data on Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), and specific gaseous emissions like CO, HC, and NOx.
How are the results categorized?
Results are categorized by the four test phases corresponding to different compression ratios (17, 17.5, 18, and 18.5), with sub-analyses for different injection opening pressures in each case.
Why is WCO considered a promising fuel source in this study?
Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) is identified as a cost-effective, readily available, and eco-friendly feedstock that, when converted via transesterification, serves as a renewable alternative to petroleum-based diesel.
What role does hydrogen play in the "treble biofuel" blend?
Hydrogen serves as an auxiliary fuel that, when inducted into the intake manifold, enhances the combustion characteristics of the biodiesel-diesel blends, contributing to improved thermal efficiency and reduced carbon-based emissions due to its carbon-free nature.
- Citation du texte
- Md.Fakhruddin Hasan Nizami (Auteur), 2019, Performance, Emission and Combustion Analysis on Single Cylinder CI Engine using Dual Bio-Diesel with and without Hydrogen Induction, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1192152
