Kajiado County is located in the southern part of Kenya. It borders Nairobi County to the North East, Narok County to the West, Nakuru and Kiambu Counties to the North, Taita Taveta County to the South East, Machakos and Makueni Counties to the North East and east respectively, and the Republic of Tanzania to the South. It is situated between Longitudes 360 5’ and 370 5’ East and between Latitudes 10 0’ and 30 0’ South. The county covers an area of 21,900.9 square kilometres (Km2). Its geography is characterised by plains, valleys, and occasional volcanic hills ranging from an altitude of 500 metres above sea level at Lake Magadi to 2500 metres above sea level in Ngong Hills.
Topographically, the county is divided into three different areas namely; Rift Valley, Athi Kapiti plains, and Central Broken Ground. The occurrence of groundwater depends on climate, topography, as well as origin of the underlying rocks. Groundwater yields vary throughout the county from 0.01 to 35.77 cubic metres per hour. Average groundwater is reported as good quality and is used for domestic, livestock, and irrigation purposes. High yielding springs are found on the slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, with an average yield of 20m³/hr to 50m³/hr. Other sources of water for domestic and livestock use are sub surface sources such as water pans, dams, and shallow wells.
Vegetation cover and browse for livestock, the main source of livelihood, is variedly distributed based on altitude, soil type, and rainfall distribution. The County is divided into five administrative sub-counties namely: Kajiado Central, Kajiado North, Loitokitok, Isinya, and Mashuuru, with a total of 17 administrative divisions.
WV Kenya operates in Kajiado Central in Lorngosua division, where Osiligi Area Development Programme (ADP) is located. It is about 160 KMs South West of Nairobi, the capital city of Kenya. It is situated between Longitude 36' and 37' and between latitude I 'and 3' south. The ADP covers eight locations; Lorngusua, Ruanche, Meto, Kumpa, Mailua, Oloirimirimi, Noosikitok, and Eluanata locations. The proposed second phase of the project will continue to cover Meto location and Lorngosua location with an addition of Oloirimirimi location. Meto location has a total population of 3,500 people, of whom 1,742 are female and 532 are children under two years of age. Lorngosua location has a total projected population of 3246, of which 1,862 are female and 162 are children under two years.
Table of Contents
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 Summary of findings
1.2 Background:
1.3 The Last Phase of Baby wash: Replication of Baby Wash Programming
1.4 Evaluation Type
1.5 Evaluation Purpose and Objectives
1.6 2019 Survey Purpose and Objectives
1.7 2019 Survey Questions
1.8 2018-2019 Project Interventions//Treatments
2 EVALUATION METHODOLOGY
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Evaluation Design
2.3 The MEP approaches
2.4 Evaluation Approach and instruments
2.5 Study Population
2.6 Study Design and Sampling
2.7 Evaluation participant selection for qualitative methods
2.8 Recruitment of the field team
2.9 Mobilization
2.10 Data Collection, Entry and Analysis
2.11 Data Quality Management and Control
2.12 Ethical Considerations
2.13 COVID 19 protocols
3 LIMITATIONS
4 FINDINGS
4.1 Demographic information of the respondents
4.2 Water access, supply and quality
4.3 Sanitation
4.4 Hygiene
4.5 Health facilities access and services
4.6 Child and household morbidity status
4.7 Clean play space, trial for improved practices (tips) and CHV effectiveness:
4.8 Some Community views On What Worked, Not Worked, Sustainability and Recommendations
4.9 Dietary diversity and immunization services
4.10 WASH in Health facility
5 LESSONS LEARNED
6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 Conclusions
6.2 Recommendations
7 REFERENCES
Research Objectives and Focus Areas
The primary aim of this evaluation is to assess the performance of the Integrated BabyWASH project in Osiligi, Kenya, by measuring project indicators, impacts, and the sustainability of interventions implemented during its second phase, focusing on improving health outcomes for mothers and infants in the first 1,000 days of life.
- Integrated impact of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) interventions on Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health (MNCH).
- Evaluation of the Trials for Improved Practices (TIPs) methodology in changing caregiver behavior.
- Assessment of health facility infrastructure, water access, and service utilization.
- Analysis of child nutritional status and vaccination coverage within the target locations.
Excerpt from the Book
4.2.5 Water quality and portability
The drinking water access was assessed based on the WHO’s JMP criteria of drinking water quality as given below. In general, the quality of the water sources varied, but the main one still remains protected borehole, only followed much later by unprotected borehole. Piped water systems (in house, in yard and public tap) constitute 1.7% of all water sources. The potable water is accessed by 82% caregivers / households which comprise all piped water systems as well as protected borehole from both primary and secondary sources. From a KII, it was noted that most boreholes in the area have a problem with water quality, in that the boreholes produce salty water. Further field information revealed that some water boreholes were de-fluorinated. However, these were extremely expensive. However, if resources allow in the next phase, more such facilities could be considered.
Summary of Chapters
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Provides an overview of the end-line evaluation, methodology, and key findings regarding demographics, water access, and the impact of the BabyWASH project.
2 EVALUATION METHODOLOGY: Details the mixed-methods approach, including quantitative questionnaires and qualitative interviews used to collect data in Lorngosua, Meto, and Oloirimirimi.
3 LIMITATIONS: Outlines challenges faced during the evaluation, such as the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, logistical difficulties with transport, and data collection issues.
4 FINDINGS: Presents the primary results covering demographics, water access, sanitation practices, health facility services, child nutrition, and morbidity patterns.
5 LESSONS LEARNED: Summarizes key insights regarding community ownership, partnership governance, and the importance of stakeholder collaboration for sustainable project outcomes.
6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Synthesizes the evaluation results, confirming the relevance and impact of the project while proposing future actions to improve sustainability and reach.
7 REFERENCES: Lists the internal documents, reports, and international guidelines used to inform the evaluation process.
Keywords
BabyWASH, Maternal Health, Child Health, Kenya, Kajiado, Water Access, Sanitation, Hygiene, TIPs, Nutrition, Immunization, Sustainability, Monitoring and Evaluation, Community Health Volunteers, Public Health
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this evaluation?
The evaluation focuses on assessing the performance, impact, and sustainability of the second phase of the Integrated BabyWASH project in Osiligi, Kenya, aimed at improving health outcomes for mothers and infants in their first 1,000 days.
What are the central themes discussed in the report?
Central themes include access to safe water and sanitation, maternal and newborn care practices, child morbidity, nutrition, immunization, and the effectiveness of community-based behavior change strategies.
What is the primary objective of the assessment?
The primary goal is to determine the extent to which the project's interventions have contributed to improved health outcomes, compared to baseline status, to inform future project design and scaling.
Which research methods were employed?
The study utilized a concurrent mixed-methods approach, including quantitative household questionnaires, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and Focused Group Discussions (FGDs).
What topics are covered in the final findings?
The findings cover demographic profiles, accessibility to water points, latrine ownership, hygiene practices (like handwashing), health facility service utilization, and child morbidity status.
What key indicators define the success of this work?
Key indicators include the percentage of households with improved water access, latrine ownership rates, the use of skilled birth attendants, exclusive breastfeeding prevalence, and immunization coverage.
Has the COVID-19 pandemic affected the project results?
Yes, the report highlights that the COVID-19 pandemic and associated movement restrictions significantly hampered project implementation, leading to some results appearing below original targets.
Why is the improvement of water quality prioritized?
Improving water quality is essential for preventing water-borne diseases like diarrhea, which is a major contributor to morbidity among children under two in the region.
What is the significance of the "TIPs" methodology?
The "Trials for Improved Practices" (TIPs) methodology was used to encourage positive behavioral changes in hygiene and sanitation by actively engaging caregivers in counseling sessions.
- Quote paper
- Prof. Afullo (Author), 2021, Kajiado Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Project. A Monitoring and Evaluation experience in a remote dryland, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1391762
