This article proposes the ways to improve the public transportation system in Uzbekistan while facing problems of urbanization. I will also examine global best practices such as the integrated rail systems in Tokyo, decentralized governance in Berlin and technological innovations seen in Scandinavian countries with a view to remedying deficiencies of infrastructure and deteriorating service provision levels of Uzbekistan. Based on an extensive review of literature, this paper suggests that embracing these international models reinforced by strong policies can greatly improve movement within cities, thereby fostering economic growth within them. Renovation of Tashkent metro system, popularity of smart ticketing solutions, and a viable move towards green transport based on electric buses are recommended for sustainable cities in Uzbekistan.
Urban Transport Gaps in Uzbekistan: A Comparative Review of Global Public Transportation Systems to Enhance Urban Mobility in Uzbekistan
Abstract
This article proposes the ways to improve the public transportation system in Uzbekistan while facing problems of urbanization. I will also examine global best practices such as the integrated rail systems in Tokyo, decentralized governance in Berlin and technological innovations seen in Scandinavian countries with a view to remedying deficiencies of infrastructure and deteriorating service provision levels of Uzbekistan. Based on an extensive review of literature, this paper suggests that embracing these international models reinforced by strong policies can greatly improve movement within cities, thereby fostering economic growth within them. Renovation of Tashkent metro system, popularity of smart ticketing solutions, and a viable move towards green transport based on electric buses are recommended for sustainable cities in Uzbekistan.
Keywords: Public transportation, urban mobility, Uzbekistan, global best practices, technological innovations, sustainability, policy interventions.
Introduction
Urbanization rate in Uzbekistan is very high, particularly in places like Tashkent City which demands efficient and effective public transport. This has made the current infrastructure designed based on Soviet designs to fail in meeting contemporary needs leading to congestion, pollution and unreliable services. However, these measures have not yet fully addressed the problem as there still remains a need for comprehensive improvements.
Copying a model used by other successful cities like the integrated rail network of Tokyo or decentralized governance systems of Berlin, Uzbekistan can also modify them to fit its urban mobility needs. Muller (2023) highlights similar technological advancements in the public transport system of Berlin that have enhanced efficiency and sustainability. The goal of this paper is to use these global cases as inspiration and propose actionable strategies that are specific to Uzbekistan so that it can develop an efficient and sustainable transportation system that is user-friendly thereby supporting economic growth and enhancing quality of life for rural dwellers.
Literature Review
Urban Transportation Challenges in Emerging Economies
As a country that is developing, transportation systems of Uzbekistan often face the challenges of lacking infrastructure and government support. In the same vein, Cervero and Golub (2007) analyze these inefficiencies within the context of Southeast Asia in an illuminating way to understand the transportation policies in Uzbekistan. Kim (2022) provides an analysis of the public transport revolution of Seoul, showcasing how significant investments in infrastructure have transformed urban mobility, which is particularly relevant to current needs of Uzbekistan. Furthermore, Abdullaev and Khamidov (2019) studied some difficulties faced by some cities within Uzbekistan such as traffic jams and poor public transport systems which have many implications on urban mobility. Additionally, Nguyen (2023) examines the perception of public and acceptance of new public transport initiatives, underlining the critical importance of community support for their successful implementation.
Benchmarking Global Best Practices
Global examples such as blending of rail networks and urban development sites of Tokyo (Suzuki et al., 2013) and non-centralized public transportation governance of Germany(Schwedes and Rammert, 2015) serve as working models for Uzbekistan. Thus, these forms promote regional self-government and concern of equal access to everyone within each Uzbek city. Furthermore, Smith (2021) examines how congestion pricing in London can effectively reduce traffic jam and improve air quality—methods that may be useful for dealing with urban transportation problems in Uzbekistan. Again, neighboring countries like Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan also have regional strategies for public transport planning in Uzbekistan. The case study by Tanaka (2023) on the expansion of Tokyo metro presents compelling evidence for the long-term benefits of such integrated railway systems as a benchmark to improve urban mobility in Uzbekistan.
Azerbaijan: Metro and Bus Systems of Baku
Upgrading of Baku metro, which is the central part of its public transport system network, has benefited from considerable investments done by the government of Azerbaijan. Baku Metro has been modernized extensively with new trains introduced and lines expanded to cater for the growing urban population effectively. Moreover, smart ticketing in Baku enables seamless transfers between bus services and underground making it easy for users to move around as well as simplifying operations (Aliyev, 2020). It is a holistic model that could be replicated by Uzbekistan in order to foster linkages among cities.
Kazakhstan: Public Transportation Innovations of Almaty
Almaty is the largest city of Kazakhstan and has made significant improvements to its public transport system. Congestion has been reduced and service reliability increased by the advent of a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system. This consists of special bus lanes, priority signals at junctions as well as eco-friendly modern buses (Akhmetova, 2019). In addition, Almaty has invested in upgrading its tram network and improving last-mile connectivity through bike-sharing schemes and pedestrian-friendly infrastructure (Kenzhebekova, 2021). These measures have collectively enhanced public transportation efficiency and sustainability of Almaty thereby serving as important references for similar projects in Uzbekistan. The implementation of such systems, however, involves specific challenges in emerging economies (Brown, 2022).
Georgia: Comprehensive Mobility Plan of Tbilisi
The capital of Georgia, Tbilisi, has established an integrated transport development plan encompassing multiple modes of public transportation, infrastructure upgrading and sustainable mobility solutions promotion. The subway system has been enlarged and electric buses were introduced as well as a common payment system for all types of transportation to ease fare payment systems (Gogoladze, 2021). By prioritizing integration, sustainability and user comfort in urban mobility, the Georgian city will be a useful model for Uzbekistan in its bid to improve public transport connectivity.
Technological Innovations in Public Transportation
Green Transport Initiatives
The Uzbek government has made it a point to build greener transportation environments and it has done this by setting up green modes of mobility. One of them is the establishment of separate paths for walking and cycling that encourage these environmentally friendly means of transportation while ensuring safer and more pleasant cityscapes. Again, the addition of fresh varieties of electric scooters and bicycles demonstrates how committed the government is to reducing carbon emissions as well as enhancing clean alternatives availability in terms of transport. These projects are part of an overall plan aimed at improving urban mobility as well as sustaining the environment.
Bus Transportation System of Uzbekistan
The modernization of global public transportation systems through technological advancement is also occurring in Uzbekistan where technology aimed at improving service provision and user satisfaction is being adopted. Over the last couple of years, however, Uzbekistan has started to replace its buses with electric ones as it was successfully done in Scandinavia. Schafer (2019) highlights the adoption of electric buses in Scandinavian cities, while Olofsson (2022) discusses the broader impact of policies such as the Stockholm congestion charge in promoting sustainable transport solutions.This shows a strong commitment to sustainability and aims to significantly decrease environmental effects. Although these buses are already present in Tashkent, there is an urgent need to enlarge this initiative across Uzbekistan so as to cut down on emissions even more and improve air quality within cities nationwide.
Thus, it is important to extend the use of electric buses beyond Tashkent since by doing so pollution that results from retiring old diesel ones can be minimized. By doing this, air quality will be improved drastically while globally supporting the sustainable development objectives thereby ensuring healthier surroundings for all residents. The effectiveness of such shifts is supported by Patel and Research of Agarwal on rapid adoption of electric buses in Asian cities and their effect on urban air quality (2021). Additionally, the role of public transport subsidies in enhancing urban mobility has been demonstrated in studies such as analysis of the Copenhagen model (Larsen, 2019), which could provide valuable insights for policy development in Uzbekistan.
Uzbekistan has been updating its bus fleet and implementing a smart ticketing system as part of its public transportation modernization efforts. For example, the introduction of the “ATTO” system that allowed electronic payment for fares. This system is part of a larger initiative to automate fare collection in public transport, which involves putting a number of validators at different regions (Azimov, U., 2023). Inspired by progress documented by Moreno et al. (2018), it simplifies fare collection, decreases transaction time and improves passenger comfort. It allows for seamless traveling on different modes of public transport hence improving the overall efficiency of the transport system in Uzbekistan.The next research conducted by Thompson and Yamamoto (2020) argues about the role of smart ticketing systems globally in enhancing public transport efficiency and user satisfaction.
Additionally, Uzbekistan enhanced its bus fleet significantly in 2022 (Ministry of Transport of Uzbekistan, 2022). Hundreds of new buses, including electric and compressed natural gas (CNG) buses have been added by the country towards improving public transportation and reducing its environmental effects. In this regard, 300 Yuwei E12 electric buses and 500 CNG buses have been introduced as one among several aspects of such modernization drive (Bus-News).
The adoption of these changes is part of a larger strategic plan to increase the percentage of people using public vehicles to 40% by 2030(Daryo.uz, 2023). The strategy expands on issues such as increasing the size and quality level while reducing vehicle ages in the bus fleet; widening the routes network so that there is more regularity and reliability.
Nevertheless, technological advancements in the public transportation system of Uzbekistan have their own challenges. One of the main problems lies in bus drivers who do not always follow schedules. That buses run ahead or behind their exact arrival times is a common phenomenon that sometimes causes drivers to confront one another over them being unequal. This inconsistency affects the reliability of bus services, which can be discouraging for passengers who rely on timeliness in order to commute daily. The use of real-time data has shown significant improvements in the punctuality and reliability of bus services in major cities (Davis, 2022). To tackle this issue, there needs to be better training for drivers as well as strict enforcement of schedules so that full benefits from technology can be realized.
Uzbekistan is seeking ways to commit to incorporating the latest technology into its public transport system. This has resulted in several proactive measures which the government of the country especially focuses on. There are numerous other innovations and advanced technologies being developed that will further improve efficiency and customer satisfaction of the systems, thereby making Uzbekistan a top regional sustainable urban mobility leader as well. Drawing lessons from the South American BRT successes, such as operational efficiencies and comprehensive stakeholder engagement, could significantly enhance existing and planned BRT initiatives of Uzbekistan (Gupta, 2021).
Challenges in Metro System of Tashkent
In the largest city of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, and the only one with an operating subway, it is becoming clear that urban transit has its challenges. The original structure of the Tashkent Metro was developed in Soviet times when there was a much smaller population in the capital. Nevertheless, the metro is finding it hard to cope with nearly five million inhabitants living in Tashkent these days. At peak periods, overcrowding may be so severe that it makes train service almost impossible to take or even get on at all. Consequently, this pressure forces many people to seek alternative modes of transport like private cars leading to further road congestion and pollution (Kurbanov & Mirzaev 2022).
The reliability and infrastructure of the metro have been cast in a grim light by recent events. In April 2021, there was a train breakdown that left people stranded between stations and forced them to walk along the tracks up to the place closest where they could get out. For instance, this incident was widely covered by local media outlets and therefore, indicated frequent breakdowns of an aging system which implies that its trustworthiness and safety are being endangered(Sputnik Kazakhstan, 2021). Moreover, it is observed that the cooling systems in trains were faulty as well, especially during the hot summer months leading to numerous discomforts suffered by passengers in June 2014. As much as metro authorities gave assurances to deal with these problems, many passengers still feel uncomfortable thereby questioning whether the proposed methods are really effective (Kun.uz, 2024).
Moreover, there have been operational problems which have been a repeated concern. Train scheduling and maintenance were reported to be problematic in 2022 leading to unreliable service times, further eroding reliability of the system (UzNews, 2022; NewsHub.uz, 2022). These incidents show that comprehensive upgrades are necessary for improved reliability, capacity and passenger experience in addition to changes in the physical infrastructure as well as operations management.
While the ATTO smart ticketing has made fare collection easier and more convenient for passengers, it mainly focuses on issues pertaining to capacity and modernization of infrastructure. The latest government legal changes include safety laws that are new, increased funding strategies and stricter maintenance procedures for better operational dependability of public transport services (Lex.uz, 2020; Lex.uz, 2022).
Plans to increase the number of locomotives in May 2024 were announced by Tashkent Metro with new four car trains intended to reduce overcrowding and increase frequency (Kun.uz, 2024). Also, a contract for the delivery of 72 modern cars from 2026 will be signed with CJSC “Metrovagonmash” which will lead to removal of obsolete models and enhance efficiency and reliability of Tashkent subway (Kun.uz, 2024). These improvements are meant to prepare for the needs of tomorrow; they strive to make infrastructure modernized as the population continues growing.
The most recent report from Gazeta.uz (2024) emphasized on the new efforts of the government designed to modernize urban transport infrastructure all over Uzbekistan. This move involves massive investments in public transportation technologies and improvements in the city infrastructure aimed at alleviating urban congestion and improving environmental conditions. The determination of the government to create better urban transport policies that are more sustainable and efficient is a good sign as Tashkent continues to expand.
This commitment is reflected by the initiatives supported by recent legislative measures as well as strategic actions, which aim at improving urban mobility of Tashkent. There is optimism that with these attempts, the metro can change so as to meet present-day challenges and offer an improved, reliable and comfortable system of public transportation for all its users.
Policy-Driven Transformations in Public Transport
It is critical to note that policy plays a very crucial role in shaping effective public transportation. This can be exemplified by the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system of Bogota, which shows how focused policies can really transform the transport infrastructure like this mode of transport (Pucher and Buehler, 2010).
Uzbekistan's commitment to social equity and support is underlined by making public transportation services which do not include taxis available at no cost for several demographics. This includes:
Veterans and participants of World War II and Afghan Wars.
Civilians awarded with orders and medals for the demonstrated heroism.
People affected by the Chernobyl disaster.
People with disabilities including the blind.
Active members of the military and civil defense services.
This inclusive approach acknowledges not only their sacrifices and requirements but also makes it easier for them to take part in city life, thus improving their general well-being. By providing equal access to public transportation for all segments of society, Uzbekistan encourages more social integration as well as economic growth.
Socio-Economic Impacts of Public Transportation Enhancements
Enhanced public transportation systems bring a range of socio-economic benefits. Gleave (2014) discusses how better public transport in European cities has given rise to more jobs, reduced poverty and improved access to necessary services hence this means Uzbekistan could gain similar advantages.
Not only improving public transportation in Uzbekistan addresses urban mobility challenges but it also contributes towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Sustainable cities and communities (SDG 11) are supported by a sound transport infrastructure that reduces traffic congestion and makes urban areas more efficient. In the same way, adoption of environmentally friendly options such as electric buses can help Uzbekistan achieve climate action (SDG 13) through reducing the amount of carbon emissions from the environment. Furthermore, enhancements in transportation technology as well as infrastructure support industry, innovation, and infrastructure (SDG 9), thus promoting sustainable industrialization and encouraging innovation.
Therefore, strategic improvements in public transport are aimed at accelerating economic growth, social equity, and environmental sustainability while also supporting global efforts towards attaining SDGs (United Nations Environment Programme, 2021; World Bank, 2020).
Gaps in Literature
In this review, a number of gaps in literature have been identified especially concerning urban mobility studies in Central Asia. There is therefore an urgent need for experimental investigations into the effects of public transportation policies in Uzbekistan that could offer valuable insights on how efficient and adaptable they are. Equally scant are comparative studies with other post soviet states, yet these could reveal common obstacles as well as unique solutions suitable for similar economies in transition.
Longitudinal research is necessary to examine long-term outcomes of transportation innovations and policy changes which will contribute to a greater understanding of their sustainable future and role in urban development. Another gap relates to examining how users adapt to new technologies including smart ticketing systems and electric buses that would be useful when assessing the achievements of such initiatives. Moreover, the effects of improved public transport systems on poor people as well as on air pollution within cities remain not well-understood.
By doing so, we can comprehend better issues affecting urban mobility thereby enhancing our chance to develop effective solutions towards improving public transportation systems in the region.
Methodology
Research Design
To explore successful public transportation strategies that can be adapted for use in Uzbekistan, this study employs qualitative comparative analysis. By examining excellent systems in cities like Tokyo, Berlin and some other Scandinavian ones, the objective of the research is to reveal the foundation upon which effective and sustainable urban mobility rests. It mainly emphasizes on urban transport policies; technological innovations; socioeconomic impacts and infrastructure development and maintenance. As a result, this kind of comparison helps to identify among all others such practices that can fit into peculiarities of urban and socio-economic conditions of Uzbekistan.
Data Collection
To ensure a complete study, different sources were used for this research. Global best practices can be found by looking into academic journals that provide insights on technological advances and policy effects on public transit systems. Policies should be analyzed through government reports while the infrastructure development programs and strategies have to be elaborated. Major transportation hubs in Tokyo, Berlin, Baku, Almaty, Tbilisi among other cities in the world may serve as case studies for better understanding of governance systems and technological interventions employed in these systems as well as infrastructure upgrade plans. Publications of transport authorities provide information on operational statistics, customer satisfaction levels and socio-economic consequences of transport initiatives. It is also important to consider local sources such as legislative acts and newspaper articles when examining contemporary issues and trends in the public transport sector of Uzbekistan.
Data Analysis
In order to extract meaningful insights from the different case studies, a number of steps were undergone in the data analysis process. Initially, thematic analysis was used where collected data were coded and categorized based on established themes such as policy-driven transformations, technological advancements, infrastructure development socio-economic impacts and governance structures. This kind of systematic organization of information facilitated the identification of patterns across various contexts. Comparative analysis was then performed to highlight major strategies and practices that have contributed to successful public transportation systems globally.
The comparative findings were assessed for their appropriateness to the specific context of Uzbekistan in relation to factors including local political dynamics, economic conditions and cultural attitudes towards public transport. Recommendations specifically aimed at addressing urban transportation gaps in Uzbekistan were made with regard to policy interventions, technological advancements, infrastructure upgrades, and governance improvements aligned with peculiarities of Uzbekistan.
By following this methodology, researchers provided actionable insights along with practical strategies towards enhancing urban mobility while supporting sustainable development goals in Uzbekistan.
Findings and Discussions
Key Adaptations and Innovations
The research identifies the likelihood that Uzbekistan could improve its public transportation by utilizing international best practices. Ethiopia applied the name as well, thus did Japan. In Tashkent, there have already been some positive results recorded towards improved effectiveness and reduced environmental impacts by implementing smart ticketing and electric buses. However, there are still some challenges that persist such as the Tashkent Metro becoming extremely overcrowded and its infrastructure aging. This makes transportation very difficult because sometimes the trains have different schedules. Developing the public conveyancing amenities has the potential to greatly advance socio-economic growth by improving accessibility of key amenities and generating employment. Policy reforms that work, strategic investments and strong governance are important in order to obtain these benefits.
Comparative Analysis and Lessons for Uzbekistan Policy-Driven Transformations
The public transportation systems globally have been largely shaped by focused policy interventions. As an instance, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) of Bogota illustrates the possibility of strategic policy-making in transforming urban mobility through efficiency and accessibility. The success of Bogota BRT was based on a strong political will, sizable investments and continuous improvement as per user feedback (Pucher & Buehler, 2010). Uzbekistan can do the same thing by adopting a strong BRT system in its key cities; it has to prioritize investment in public transport infrastructure and involve local people into transport planning and improvements.
Technological Innovations
The efficiency and contentment of public transportation systems are enhanced by technological advancements like the shift of Scandinavian cities to electric buses, which has seen a drastic drop in emissions and operational cost (Schafer, 2019). Likewise, examples of such technology include smart ticketing systems which have facilitated fare collection and reduced boarding times in different cities like Singapore (Johnson, 2018). In order to modernize its fleet and reduce environmental pollution Uzbekistan can invest in electric buses, introduce smart ticketing systems for the convenience of passengers and efficiency in operations as well as use real-time data analytics to optimize routes and schedules.
Infrastructure Development
Suzuki et al. (2013) argued that blending of the rail network with urban development of Tokyo is the epitome of better urban transport. It means harmonization of transportation infrastructure and growth of cities that are more cohesive and accessible. Uzbekistan can improve its infrastructure through integrated networks, which link different modes of transport; integrating transportation requirements into urban planning to promote sustainable development and overhauling the old systems to comply with existing standards as well as demands for today.
Socio-Economic Impacts
Improved public transportation is a reflection of socio-economic advantages. In European cities, where public transport has been made accessible, there has been a subsequent increase in employment status of people, which eventually reduces poverty levels (Gleave 2014). For Uzbekistan, an improvement in public transportation can be translated into increased access to education, health care and jobs especially in deprived areas. People movement and commerce facilitation would be enhanced thereby promoting economic growth while making provision for cheap and dependable transport options will also boost social justice.
Governance and Organizational Structures
Decentralized governance of public transportation of Germany is pivotal towards regional autonomy and comprehensive service coverage (Schwedes & Rammert, 2015). This perspective guarantees that transport services meet local needs and conditions. Uzbekistan could enhance its governance structure by distributing the management of transportation to regional leaders, clearly defining roles within transport agencies, and promoting public-private partnerships for more resources and expertise.
Recommendations for Implementation
In order to overcome the challenges of public transportation in Uzbekistan and improve urban mobility, a well-structured step-by-step approach is required.
Firstly, Uzbekistan must seek external financing and cooperation for infrastructure development. This will ensure it obtains the necessary funds from international institutions like the World Bank or Asian Development Bank. Also, learning from cities that have succeeded in implementing similar reforms will enable them to obtain technical assistance and ideas that can be used to advance.
Afterwards, there should be pilot projects in major cities to try out some new technologies, including electric buses and smart ticketing systems. These trials must be very carefully assessed so as to enhance approaches before they become more widespread.
There is also a need for enhanced inter-agency collaboration. By enhancing the coordination of different government agencies involved in transport planning and operation and establishing a central unit that supervises public transport initiatives, this will guarantee uniform actions among various areas.
Another important development is the creation and enactment of supportive legislation. It is important to formulate new laws that support the use of emerging transportation technologies and infrastructure projects. To ensure that all stakeholders including public transportation operators and users have to comply with some clear rules, regulations must be put in place.
There is a need for public engagement as well as education. Awareness programs aimed at educating citizens on the advantages of bettering public transportation should be initiated while involving them in planning through surveys and community meetings will address their needs and preferences.
The modernization and extension of infrastructure are vital to increase reliability and capacity of existing networks. Making investments into upgrading infrastructure like Tashkent Metro, and extending public transport systems into underserved regions will make urban areas more accessible thereby reducing traffic congestion. Incentives for using environmentally friendly modes such as lower fares for electric bus passengers would encourage sustainable practices. The adoption of policies encouraging people to abandon private car ownership for public transport would reduce pollution as well as traffic congestion.
It is important to monitor and evaluate the development. This will ensure that there is consistent improvement on public transport systems and how well new initiatives are working. By doing this, they can be able to assess progress regularly against targets which have been set and in turn keep the momentum while making sure that the transportation system keeps evolving.
Uzbekistan can improve its urban transportation system greatly by following these recommendations, leading to an increase in mobility, economic growth, and social equality if it invests in thoughtful planning and collaboration.
Conclusion
The following review looks at how Uzbekistan can improve its public transportation system using global best practices, innovative technology and strong policies. This is illustrated by major metropolitan areas such as Tokyo, Berlin and a few Scandinavian cities. Integrated systems, decentralized governance as well as technological progress are some of the examples that are used.
However, there have been initial developments in Uzbekistan which involve the introduction of electric buses and ATTO smart ticketing system although major challenges remain especially with over utilization and old infrastructure of the Tashkent Metro. It calls for a comprehensive approach that includes policy changes to infrastructure, technology updates as well as active involvement of the general population. Effective implementation of these strategies necessitates collective efforts from all parties involved and continued dedication to them.
In the long run, there is no doubt that improved public transportation in Uzbekistan can be a game changer for its socio-economic development as well as an answer to the needs of city residents today and in the future, with such a system becoming a role model for other areas. This change will have to happen through consistent and adaptive efforts to build more efficient and environmentally sound urban transport systems.
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Frequently asked questions
What is the main focus of "Urban Transport Gaps in Uzbekistan: A Comparative Review of Global Public Transportation Systems to Enhance Urban Mobility in Uzbekistan"?
The article focuses on improving the public transportation system in Uzbekistan in the face of urbanization, examining global best practices from cities like Tokyo and Berlin, and proposing actionable strategies specific to Uzbekistan to develop an efficient and sustainable transportation system.
What are some of the challenges facing Uzbekistan's urban transportation system?
Challenges include failing infrastructure designed based on Soviet designs, leading to congestion, pollution, unreliable services, overcrowding in the Tashkent Metro, and operational issues such as train breakdowns and unreliable scheduling.
What global best practices are being considered for Uzbekistan's urban transportation improvement?
The article considers the integrated rail systems of Tokyo, the decentralized governance systems of Berlin, technological innovations seen in Scandinavian countries, and strategies from neighboring countries like Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Georgia.
How can Azerbaijan's public transport system serve as a model for Uzbekistan?
Azerbaijan's Baku Metro modernization, with new trains, expanded lines, and smart ticketing, provides a holistic model for Uzbekistan to foster linkages among cities.
What innovations from Kazakhstan's Almaty are relevant to Uzbekistan?
Almaty's Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system, tram network upgrades, and improved last-mile connectivity through bike-sharing schemes and pedestrian-friendly infrastructure can serve as references for similar projects in Uzbekistan.
What elements of Georgia's Tbilisi's urban mobility plan are being considered?
Tbilisi's integrated transport development plan, including subway expansion, electric bus introduction, and a common payment system, offers a useful model for Uzbekistan in improving public transport connectivity.
What green transport initiatives are being implemented in Uzbekistan?
The Uzbek government is establishing separate paths for walking and cycling, adding electric scooters and bicycles, and replacing buses with electric ones to reduce carbon emissions and improve air quality.
What is the ATTO system and how is it helping Uzbekistan?
The ATTO system is an electronic payment system for fares on public transport, simplifying fare collection, decreasing transaction time, and improving passenger comfort.
What are the main issues with the Tashkent Metro system?
The Tashkent Metro faces overcrowding, aging infrastructure, frequent breakdowns, faulty cooling systems, and operational problems with train scheduling and maintenance.
What policy-driven transformations are being proposed for Uzbekistan's public transport?
The article recommends emulating successful BRT systems like Bogota's, providing free public transport for veterans, people with disabilities, and other vulnerable groups, and aligning public transportation enhancements with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
What are the key gaps in literature that need further research?
Gaps include experimental investigations into the effects of public transportation policies in Uzbekistan, comparative studies with other post-Soviet states, longitudinal research on the long-term outcomes of transportation innovations, and examining how users adapt to new technologies.
What methodology was used in the research?
The study employs qualitative comparative analysis, examining successful systems in cities like Tokyo and Berlin, emphasizing urban transport policies, technological innovations, socioeconomic impacts, and infrastructure development and maintenance, using academic journals, government reports, and case studies.
What are some key recommendations for improving Uzbekistan's urban transportation?
Recommendations include seeking external financing, implementing pilot projects, enhancing inter-agency collaboration, creating supportive legislation, engaging the public, modernizing infrastructure, and monitoring development.
- Citation du texte
- Anonym (Auteur), 2024, Urban Transport Gaps in Uzbekistan. A Comparative Review of Global Public Transportation Systems to Enhance Urban Mobility in Uzbekistan, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1500952
