The main goal of Development Economics is to find the reasons for the rather big differences in levels of income throughout the world. Why, for instance, did European nations after the eighteenth century develop faster than Asian, African or Latin American nations and what can be done to reduce the so caused differences in income and growth?1 In recent years, many economists used institutions to explain why structural adjustment programs in poor countries have failed so far. Not the programs itself, so the tenor, but the lack of “good institutions” has been blamed for the failure of many developing countries to catch up. In this paper, the current institution centered orthodoxy in development economics will be discussed from a critical point of view. In the first part, different strands of development theory will be reviewed. Secondly, the reasons for the prominence of New Institutional Economics will be analyzed. Finally, it will be discussed, if the institutional approach is holding its promises and if it is useful to focus on the institutional variable to explain economical development.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. The Institutional Turn
2.1. Different approaches of explaining growth through institutions
2.1.1. Colonial Heritage
2.1.2. Colonial Heritage Plus
2.1.3. Political Conflict
2.1.4. Beliefs and Norms
2.1.5. International Trade
3. Discussion of the institution centred orthodoxy in development economics
3.1. What is a ‚good property rights system‘?
3.2. How persistent are institutions really?
3.3. Is institutional imitation the road to success?
4. Conclusion
Literature
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