Migration ist kein neues Phänomen- Menschen hatten schon immer verschiedenste Gründe um in andere Länder für kurze oder längere Zeit zu reisen oder umzusiedeln. Dies erhält aber eine besondere Relevanz, wenn dies zum `Brain Drain` führt. Dies ist die Abwanderung von ausgebildetem Personal, z.B. aus dem Pflegesektor eines Landes, was zu existentiellen Problemen für dieses Land führen kann. In meiner Arbeit habe ich das Beispiel U.K. gewählt, da hierher besonderes viele Pflegekräfte aus gefährdeten Ländern (Südafrika, Simbabwe, Karibik, etc.)emigrieren. Ich werde sowohl auf die Ursachen der Migartion (push and pull factors), als auch auf die Effekte für Geber- und Nehmerländer und Strategien gegen die negativen Folgen eingehen.
Table of Contents
Introduction
1 Who are the migrating nurses?
2 Push and Pull factors
3 Effects of migration
4 Strategies
Conclusion
List of Literature
Objectives and Thematic Focus
The paper aims to examine the complex phenomenon of international nurse migration, with a specific focus on the United Kingdom as a destination country. It analyzes the underlying causes for migration, the impacts on both donor and recipient nations, and evaluates existing recruitment strategies against the backdrop of global health workforce shortages.
- Demographic shifts and nursing shortages in the UK
- Categorization and drivers of international nurse migration
- Push and pull factor dynamics
- Economic and social consequences for donor and host countries
- Assessment of ethical recruitment guidelines and future policy strategies
Excerpt from the Book
2 Push and Pull Factors
Push-factors, which arise from the situation in donor countries and pull- factors, which draw people to destination countries, mostly appear as a combination. Kline (2003) distinguishes between three groups of push and pull factors. The educational factors, economic/ social factors and the personal safety factors.
Many nurses go to improve their professional development, their working-standards or to get a secure job (educational factors). Economic and social factors are e.g. low wages, wars, deprivation or social unrest (Stilwell, 2004). Personal safety factors can be seen on the one hand as an escape to get political safety, but on the other hand also for their health. The danger to be infected with HIV or TB is much higher in many donor countries than in the UK (Kline, 2003).
Summary of Chapters
Introduction: This section outlines the context of nurse migration to the UK, highlighting the interplay between nurse shortages and demographic transitions.
1 Who are the migrating nurses?: This chapter categorizes migrating nurses into those from within the EU/EEA and those from outside, discussing their respective regulatory requirements and migration patterns.
2 Push and Pull factors: This chapter categorizes the drivers of migration into educational, economic/social, and personal safety factors, noting how they combine to influence mobility.
3 Effects of migration: This chapter analyzes the impacts of migration, specifically focusing on the concept of brain drain in developing nations versus the economic benefits for some donor states.
4 Strategies: This chapter evaluates the effectiveness of ethical recruitment guidelines and Codes of Practice in mitigating the negative impacts of international nurse recruitment.
Conclusion: This final section emphasizes the need for better data, targeted retention incentives in donor countries, and increased investment in domestic nursing resources.
Keywords
International migration, Nurses, United Kingdom, Brain drain, Push factors, Pull factors, Ethical recruitment, Nurse shortages, Global health, Workforce development, Healthcare policy, Donor countries, Retention strategies, Recruitment guidelines, Demographic transition
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary focus of this paper?
The paper examines the international migration of nurses, using the United Kingdom as an exemplary case study to understand the causes and consequences of this global trend.
What are the central themes covered?
The themes include the identification of migrating groups, the drivers of migration (push/pull factors), the impact of brain drain, and the effectiveness of current recruitment strategies.
What is the core research objective?
The objective is to provide a synopsis of the migration topic, identifying the underlying problems related to nurse shortages and proposing potential solutions for future policy development.
Which scientific method is utilized?
The work employs a literature-based review and analysis of existing academic studies, reports, and statistical tables to synthesize the current state of nurse migration research.
What does the main body address?
It addresses the distinction between permanent and temporary migrant nurses, the classification of push and pull factors, and the reported negative and positive effects on donor and recipient countries.
How are the key terms defined?
Key terms such as push/pull factors are defined through the lens of academic literature, categorizing them into educational, economic/social, and personal safety dimensions.
How does the UK regulate nurses from outside the EEA?
The UK uses a specific verification process for qualifications and is notably allowed to use English language proficiency as an exclusion criterion, unlike within the EU/EEA.
What role does the private sector play in migration?
The text notes that negative effects, such as poor working conditions, occur mainly in the less regulated private sector, which often operates outside of national ethical recruitment agreements.
Why is the "brain drain" mentioned as a critical issue?
Brain drain is identified as the biggest negative effect for donor countries, as the loss of skilled healthcare workers exacerbates existing nurse shortages in nations like South Africa and Zimbabwe.
What long-term strategy does the author suggest?
The author argues that the most successful long-term strategy is for destination countries to invest in their own nursing resources to reduce dependency on foreign-trained staff.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Anja Hellmann (Autor:in), 2010, International Migration of Nurses, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/158859
